Draining a swimming pool is a necessary part of pool maintenance, especially during cleaning, repairs, or winterization. However, many pool owners are often uncertain about what happens to the water once it’s drained and where it ultimately goes. The disposal of pool water isn’t as simple as letting it flow freely into the ground or down a storm drain—it involves environmental, legal, and practical considerations that must not be overlooked.
In this comprehensive guide, we will explore in detail where pool drain water goes, how it should be handled responsibly, and the impact it can have on your home, local ecosystems, and municipal infrastructure. We’ll also provide best practices for properly draining pool water and highlight the potential legal consequences of improper disposal.
Understanding Why Pool Water Needs to Be Drained
Before addressing the path pool water takes after being drained, it’s essential to understand why pool water needs to be drained in the first place.
Regular Maintenance and Cleaning
Pools often require partial or complete draining to clean the bottom, repair tiles or liners, or recalibrate chemical levels. High total dissolved solids (TDS) or excessive calcium buildup are common reasons for draining a pool. Without proper drainage and water replacement, the chemical balance can become hard to maintain, leading to water clarity issues and equipment damage.
Seasonal Reasons (Winterization)
In colder climates, pools must be partially or fully drained before winter to prevent damage from freezing water. This process helps protect pool plumbing, filters, and the pool structure itself.
Repairs and Renovations
Cracks, leaks, or the need for tile replacement often necessitate removing water from the pool. Pool renovation projects, especially those involving structural components, require complete dewatering.
Chemical Imbalances
Excessive chlorine, high pH, or algal blooms sometimes require drastic water changes. While partial dilution is usually sufficient, severe imbalances may lead to full draining.
The Draining Process: How Water Leaves the Pool
Before considering where the water goes, let’s briefly review how it leaves the pool.
Manual Pumping vs. Natural Draining
Most pool owners use a submersible pump or a sump pump to remove water. A garden hose is less effective and often illegal in many areas. The pump usually connects to a discharge hose that carries the water to its final destination.
Degradation of Chlorine and Other Chemicals
Before draining is done, it is crucial to lower the chlorine level to below 0.1 ppm and ensure the pH is neutral (between 6 and 8). This is usually accomplished through chemical neutralizers or by allowing the chlorine to dissipate naturally over time.
Where the Water Goes: Paths After Draining
Once the pool water is pumped out, it doesn’t simply vanish—it moves along specific paths depending on geography, municipal infrastructure, and the method used.
1. Municipal Sewer Systems
In many urban and suburban areas, the most appropriate way to dispose of pool water is through the sanitary sewer system.
- Proper disposal requires connecting the pool pump discharge to a house drain or sewer clean-out.
- This path ensures the water is treated before being released safely into the environment.
- However, not every municipality allows direct discharge into sewers without proper precautions. Always contact your local water authority first.
Pros:
- Water is treated before disposal
- Environmentally responsible
- Complies with most municipal regulations
Cons:
- May require professional help to connect properly
- Some areas have usage restrictions or fees
2. Storm Drain Systems
In some regions, pool water can be discharged into the storm sewer system, which leads directly to local water bodies without treatment.
However, many municipalities have restrictions on chlorinated water entering storm drains
.
Before proceeding, chlorine levels must be brought to a near-zero level (less than 0.1 ppm). Some cities also monitor total suspended solids, temperature, and the rate of discharge.
Important: Discharging untreated chlorinated water into storm drains is often illegal and can lead to significant fines.
Better Practices Include:
- Testing chlorine and pH levels before draining
- Using dechlorinators to neutralize chemicals
- Slow discharge rates to avoid erosion or flooding
3. Direct Discharge onto Land or Lawn
This method involves releasing water onto private or public land, such as a lawn or landscaping area.
Best Practices Before Using This Disposal Method:
- Confirm local regulations (some areas strictly prohibit this method)
- Ensure water is thoroughly dechlorinated
- Avoid discharging near gardens, septic tanks, or water wells
While discharging onto land can be a viable option in rural areas, the major concern is salt and chemical damage to soil—especially if the pool uses a saltwater chlorination system.
4. Back to the Pool Itself (Recycling or Reuse)
Water can sometimes be recycled or partially reused. However, this method is effective only when draining for cleaning or short-term chemical adjustments.
- Use filters to remove impurities
- Monitor chemical levels and rebalance before reuse
- Useful in drought-prone areas facing water restrictions
5. Disposal by Professional Pool Services
Many pool service companies offer pool draining and hauling services. These companies are typically licensed to transport and dispose of pool water in accordance with local environmental laws.
- They may pump water into a septic tank
- Use certified wastewater treatment facilities
- Ensure environmentally safe disposal
This can be a safer option, especially if you’re unfamiliar with drainage laws.
Environmental Impacts of Pool Drain Water
Because pool water contains chlorine, algaecides, metals, and other chemicals, improper disposal can impact soil health, aquatic life, and municipal water systems.
Effects on Landscaping and Garden Plants
Pool water is treated to kill harmful bacteria—these same properties can also damage plants and grass.
- Chlorine is toxic to plant life and can burn roots
- High salt levels (from saltwater pools) can alter soil salinity
- Copper-based algaecides may accumulate in the soil over time
To minimize damage:
- Dilute the water during discharge
- Avoid direct contact with sensitive vegetation
- Use drip irrigation systems or discharge over paved surfaces
Effects on Local Water Bodies
Pool water that is not dechlorinated and flows into storm drains can empty directly into rivers, lakes, or wetlands.
- Even trace levels of chlorine can be harmful to fish and invertebrates
- Algae and phosphate levels can disrupt aquatic ecosystems
- Erosion caused by rapid draining can contribute to sediment buildup and habitat destruction
What You Can Do to Protect the Environment:
| Action | Impact |
|---|---|
| Test chlorine levels before draining | Prevents chemical contamination of natural water sources |
| Use filters to remove sediment | Reduces soil erosion and turbidity in waterways |
| Discharge slowly over a wide area | Minimizes surface runoff and allows for natural filtration |
Legal and Regulatory Considerations
Improper disposal of pool water can have legal repercussions. Local regulations are based on environmental protection laws and public health codes.
Municipal Ordinances
Cities and towns often pass local laws governing the volume, timing, and method of discharge.
- Some cities allow pool water to be directly discharged into sewer clean-outs but not storm drains
- Others require dechlorination and pH adjustment before discharge
- In drought-prone areas, draining may be heavily restricted
Always consult your local department of public works or water authority before proceeding.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Guidelines
While the EPA doesn’t specifically regulate residential pool draining, it recommends proper disposal practices to minimize ecological impact.
- Pool water should not be released directly into the environment without treatment
- Encourages compliance with local stormwater management laws
Penalties for Improper Disposal
Fines for improper pool water disposal can vary from a few hundred to several thousand dollars, depending on the jurisdiction and the damage caused.
- Unpermitted discharge into storm drains can lead to citations
- Damage to local streams or municipal systems could result in civil liability
- Repeat violations might trigger legal action
Best Practices for Draining a Pool Responsibly
To help pool owners manage the process safely and legally, here are some best practices to follow.
1. Prepare the Water Before Draining
Drain only if necessary and ensure water is dechlorinated and pH neutral. Use test strips or kits to verify chemical levels.
2. Choose the Right Disposal Method
Select a method that aligns with your local ordinance and environmental responsibility.
3. Drain Slowly and Strategically
Rapid discharges can cause erosion and drainage overflows. Using a drip irrigation method or releasing water at a slow, steady pace helps absorb it into the ground or redirect it through gutters safely.
4. Avoid Sensitive Areas
Avoid discharging near neighbor’s property, water wells, septic systems, or environmentally sensitive areas such as wetlands or stream banks.
5. Monitor Local Weather Conditions
Never drain a pool before a heavy rainstorm, as it can cause overflow and unintended runoff into prohibited systems.
Technological Aids for Safe Pool Water Disposal
In recent years, several tools and technologies have emerged to aid in responsible pool water management.
Home Test Kits
Affordable and easy-to-use, these kits allow you to check chlorine, pH, and alkalinity levels quickly and accurately.
Dechlorination Chemicals
Available in liquid or tablet form, these chemicals neutralize chlorine efficiently, ensuring the water is safe for discharge.
Professional Water Analysis
Some local environmental or health departments offer free or affordable pool water testing to help homeowners properly manage discharges.
Cisterns and Rain Barrels
In water-scarce regions, pool owners have begun collecting drained water for non-potable reuse, such as irrigation or cleaning.
Conclusion: Know Where Your Water Goes
Understanding where pool drain water goes isn’t just about curiosity—it’s about safety, responsibility, and legality. From storm drains to sewer systems, the journey of your pool water impacts more than your backyard. By following the guidelines, respecting environmental considerations, and adhering to municipal laws, you can ensure your pool draining process is both eco-friendly and compliant.
Proper preparation and awareness are key. Before draining, always test your water, neutralize any chemicals, and consult with your local authorities. Pool ownership is a joy, but with it comes the responsibility to protect your community and environment.
Whether you opt for sewer discharge, storm drain use, reclamation, or professional services, being informed makes all the difference. With these best practices, you can drain your pool confidently, knowing you’ve done it the right way.
Where does pool drain water typically go?
Pool drain water can be directed to various destinations depending on local regulations and the infrastructure available. In many residential areas, pool water is drained into the municipal sewer system via a designated cleanout or sewer access point. Other times, the water is discharged onto the homeowner’s property, such as into a backyard or a storm drain, especially if the water is non-chlorinated and deemed safe for landscaping or runoff. Some eco-conscious homeowners choose to repurpose the water for irrigation after proper treatment to remove chemicals.
Proper disposal of drained pool water is crucial to prevent environmental harm. If the water contains chlorine, salt, or other chemicals, it should be treated before release to avoid damaging local ecosystems. Municipalities often have guidelines or restrictions in place regarding the pH levels and chemical content of water entering the sewer or storm systems. Understanding and following these regulations ensures responsible management of pool water when it’s drained.
Can I drain pool water into the street or storm drain?
Draining pool water into the street or storm drain is generally not allowed unless the water has been properly dechlorinated and meets local environmental standards. Storm drains typically lead directly to local waterways without treatment, so discharging chemically treated water into them can pose a serious risk to aquatic life and water quality. Municipal codes often specify the maximum allowable chlorine and pH levels before discharge is permitted, so it’s important to check with local authorities before doing so.
If you plan to drain your pool into a storm drain, you should first allow the chlorine to dissipate by ceasing chemical treatment for several days and using dechlorination products. Testing kits can help ensure the water is safe for release. In some jurisdictions, permits are required for such discharges, especially from large commercial pools. By adhering to local laws and environmental best practices, homeowners can prevent pollution and avoid costly fines.
Is it safe to drain pool water into my backyard?
Draining pool water into your backyard can be safe and even beneficial for your landscaping if the water is free of harmful chemicals. Chlorinated water can damage plants, grass, and soil microorganisms, so it’s essential to remove chlorine and balance the pH level before release. Once treated, pool water can be a useful source of irrigation, particularly in dry climates where water conservation is a priority.
However, soil type and local regulations should be considered. Sandy soils, for example, allow water to percolate quickly, reducing the risk of chemical buildup, while clay soils may lead to pooling or runoff. If you plan to drain large amounts of water into your yard, it’s wise to consult with your local environmental agency to ensure the practice is permitted and safe. Monitoring the impact on nearby trees, shrubs, and groundwater is also recommended for long-term sustainability.
What happens to pool water when it is drained into the sewer system?
When pool water is drained into the sewer system, it typically goes to a wastewater treatment facility where it is processed along with other domestic sewage. This is often the preferred method for disposing of chlorinated or saltwater pools because the treatment plant is equipped to handle and neutralize residual chemicals. However, some municipalities may require homeowners to dilute heavily chlorinated water before discharge to prevent interference with the sewer system’s chemical balance.
It’s also important to note that excessive volumes of water from large pools can overwhelm the system during peak times, especially in older neighborhoods. Some local codes may require that pool draining occur over several days to reduce the impact. Always check with your local sanitation department about any specific guidelines or permits for draining pool water into the sewer system, as non-compliance could result in penalties or service interruptions.
What are the environmental risks of improper pool water disposal?
Improper disposal of pool water can significantly harm the environment, particularly aquatic ecosystems. Chlorine, algaecides, and other pool chemicals can be toxic to fish, amphibians, and plants when released into storm drains, rivers, or wetlands. Even low concentrations of chlorine can kill beneficial microorganisms in soil and water, disrupting natural ecosystems and harming local biodiversity. Saltwater pools pose an additional risk, as excess salinity can damage freshwater habitats.
The impact is not limited to wildlife—contaminated runoff can also affect drinking water sources and agricultural land. Municipalities may impose fines or legal action if pool owners are found discharging untreated water illegally. Homeowners are encouraged to educate themselves on best practices and local regulations to avoid unintentional harm. Taking the time to treat water properly before disposal helps protect the environment, wildlife, and the community’s water quality.
Can pool water be reused or recycled instead of being drained?
Yes, pool water can often be reused or recycled instead of being drained, especially when conservation efforts are a priority. One common approach is to reuse water for irrigation after removing chlorine and balancing its pH level. Additionally, some pool owners use drained water to refill ponds or decorative water features if chemical levels are low. For even greater efficiency, filtration and reverse osmosis systems can treat the water for reuse in the same pool or for other household purposes.
In commercial and public facilities, water recycling systems are becoming more popular as a way to reduce consumption and disposal costs. Water recovery trailers and mobile filtration units are sometimes employed to clean and store water during major maintenance projects. These methods not only help reduce the environmental footprint but also lower water bills. Prioritizing reuse over disposal can be both economically and ecologically advantageous, particularly in drought-prone regions.
What steps should I take before draining my pool?
Before draining your pool, it’s important to follow a series of steps to ensure safe and legal disposal. First, stop adding chemicals several days in advance to allow chlorine and other substances to dissipate naturally. Then, use a dechlorination product and test the water with a home test kit to ensure the chlorine level is below detectable limits and the pH is between 6.5 and 8.5, as required by many municipalities.
Next, determine where you are legally allowed to drain the water—options might include the sewer cleanout, a designated irrigation area on your property, or a municipal disposal facility. Be sure to check your city or county’s ordinances, and in some cases, obtain a permit before proceeding. If your pool uses a saltwater system, you should also consider the salinity levels, as high salt content may require additional treatment or caution during disposal.