Many homeowners have experienced the frustration of discovering a lawn mower that’s been sitting idle for years. Perhaps it was replaced with a newer model, forgotten in the back of the shed, or simply left unattended due to a busy life. Regardless of the reason, the question remains: what do you do with a lawn mower that has been sleeping for an extended period? Don’t despair; with a bit of effort and the right approach, you can often breathe new life into your neglected machine. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the steps to safely and effectively revive your dormant lawn mower.
Assessing the Situation: Is Revival Possible?
Before diving into the revival process, it’s crucial to assess the mower’s overall condition. Is it a valuable machine worth the effort, or is it beyond reasonable repair? Consider the following factors:
- The Mower’s Age and Original Value: A very old, inexpensive mower might not be worth the investment of time and parts. Newer or higher-quality mowers are generally worth the effort.
- The Extent of Visible Damage: Look for significant rust, corrosion, or physical damage to the engine, deck, or wheels. Extensive damage may indicate irreparable problems.
- Your Mechanical Skills and Available Tools: Are you comfortable working on small engines? Do you have the necessary tools for disassembly, cleaning, and repair? If not, consider the cost of professional help.
- The Cost of Replacement Parts: Research the availability and cost of essential parts like spark plugs, air filters, fuel lines, and carburetor components. If parts are scarce or expensive, it might be more cost-effective to replace the mower.
If the mower appears to be in reasonably good condition and you’re willing to invest the time and effort, proceed to the next steps. If not, consider recycling the mower responsibly.
Safety First: Preparing for the Revival Process
Working on a lawn mower involves potential hazards, so safety should be your top priority.
- Disconnect the Spark Plug: This is crucial to prevent accidental starting while you’re working on the engine. Pull the spark plug wire off the spark plug and secure it away from the plug.
- Drain the Fuel Tank: Old gasoline can become stale and gummy, causing problems in the fuel system. Drain the fuel tank into an approved container and dispose of it properly. Never pour gasoline down the drain or onto the ground.
- Disconnect the Battery (if applicable): If your mower has an electric start, disconnect the negative battery terminal to prevent electrical shocks.
- Wear Safety Gear: Wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from debris and gloves to protect your hands from dirt, grease, and sharp edges.
- Work in a Well-Ventilated Area: Working with gasoline and other chemicals can produce harmful fumes, so ensure adequate ventilation.
Fuel System Revival: Cleaning and Restoration
The fuel system is often the primary culprit when a lawn mower sits idle for an extended period. Old fuel can gum up the carburetor and fuel lines, preventing the engine from starting.
Emptying the Fuel Tank and Lines
As mentioned, drain the fuel tank completely. Then, disconnect the fuel line from the carburetor and drain any remaining fuel. Check the fuel line for cracks or deterioration and replace it if necessary.
Cleaning the Carburetor
The carburetor is a critical component responsible for mixing air and fuel. Over time, old fuel can leave behind deposits that clog the carburetor’s jets and passages.
- Remove the Carburetor: Carefully disconnect the carburetor from the engine, noting the location of all linkages and hoses. Take pictures as you disassemble to aid reassembly.
- Disassemble the Carburetor: Carefully disassemble the carburetor, removing the bowl, float, and jets. Be gentle, as some parts can be fragile.
- Clean the Carburetor Components: Use carburetor cleaner to thoroughly clean all the carburetor components, paying particular attention to the jets and passages. You can use a small wire or carburetor cleaning tool to clear any blockages.
- Reassemble the Carburetor: Reassemble the carburetor, ensuring that all parts are properly seated and tightened.
- Install the Carburetor: Reinstall the carburetor onto the engine, reconnecting all linkages and hoses.
Inspecting and Replacing the Fuel Filter
The fuel filter prevents debris from entering the carburetor. If it’s clogged, it can restrict fuel flow and prevent the engine from starting. Replace the fuel filter with a new one.
Ignition System Check: Spark Plug and Beyond
The ignition system is responsible for creating the spark that ignites the fuel-air mixture in the engine. A faulty spark plug or other ignition system components can prevent the engine from starting.
Inspecting and Replacing the Spark Plug
The spark plug is a critical component of the ignition system. Remove the spark plug and inspect it for signs of wear, damage, or fouling. A fouled spark plug will be black and oily.
- Clean the Spark Plug (if applicable): If the spark plug is only slightly fouled, you can try cleaning it with a wire brush.
- Check the Spark Plug Gap: Use a spark plug gap tool to ensure that the gap between the electrodes is correct. Refer to your mower’s owner’s manual for the correct gap specification.
- Replace the Spark Plug: If the spark plug is heavily fouled, damaged, or worn, replace it with a new one that meets the specifications for your mower.
Testing for Spark
After replacing the spark plug, test for spark to ensure that the ignition system is working properly.
- Reconnect the Spark Plug Wire: Reconnect the spark plug wire to the spark plug.
- Ground the Spark Plug: Hold the spark plug against a metal part of the engine to ground it.
- Pull the Starter Rope: Pull the starter rope and observe the spark plug. You should see a bright blue spark jumping across the electrode gap.
- Troubleshooting No Spark: If you don’t see a spark, there may be a problem with the ignition coil, magneto, or other ignition system components. Consult a qualified mechanic for assistance.
Lubrication and Oil Change: Essential for Engine Health
Old oil can become thick and sludgy, hindering engine performance and potentially causing damage. Changing the oil is crucial for lubricating the engine and ensuring smooth operation.
Draining the Old Oil
Locate the oil drain plug on the engine and place a drain pan underneath. Remove the drain plug and allow the old oil to drain completely. Dispose of the old oil properly at a recycling center or auto parts store.
Replacing the Oil Filter (if applicable)
Some lawn mowers have an oil filter. If your mower has one, remove the old oil filter and replace it with a new one. Be sure to lubricate the rubber gasket on the new oil filter with a small amount of oil before installing it.
Adding New Oil
Refer to your mower’s owner’s manual for the correct type and amount of oil to use. Fill the engine with the specified amount of oil, checking the oil level with the dipstick.
Greasing Moving Parts
Grease any moving parts, such as the wheel bearings and axle pivots, to ensure smooth operation and prevent wear.
Air Filter Inspection and Replacement: Breathing Easy
The air filter prevents dirt and debris from entering the engine. A dirty air filter can restrict airflow, reducing engine power and fuel efficiency.
Inspecting the Air Filter
Remove the air filter and inspect it for dirt, dust, and debris.
Cleaning the Air Filter (if applicable)
Some air filters can be cleaned with compressed air. Blow the air from the inside out to remove dirt and debris.
Replacing the Air Filter
If the air filter is heavily soiled or damaged, replace it with a new one that meets the specifications for your mower.
Blade Inspection and Sharpening: A Clean Cut
A dull or damaged blade can tear the grass, leaving it susceptible to disease and pests. Sharpening or replacing the blade is essential for a clean and healthy cut.
Inspecting the Blade
Remove the blade and inspect it for damage, such as cracks, bends, or excessive wear. If the blade is damaged, replace it with a new one.
Sharpening the Blade
Sharpen the blade using a metal file or a blade sharpening tool. Be sure to maintain the original angle of the cutting edge.
Balancing the Blade
After sharpening the blade, balance it using a blade balancer. An unbalanced blade can cause vibrations and damage to the engine.
Reinstalling the Blade
Reinstall the blade onto the mower, ensuring that it is securely tightened.
Testing and Fine-Tuning: The Moment of Truth
After completing all the necessary repairs and maintenance, it’s time to test the mower.
Adding Fresh Fuel
Add fresh gasoline to the fuel tank. Use the correct octane rating specified in your mower’s owner’s manual.
Starting the Engine
Engage the choke and pull the starter rope. If the engine doesn’t start after a few pulls, check the spark plug, fuel supply, and compression.
Adjusting the Carburetor (if necessary)
If the engine runs rough or stalls, you may need to adjust the carburetor. Refer to your mower’s owner’s manual for instructions on how to adjust the carburetor.
Checking for Leaks
Check for fuel or oil leaks around the engine and fuel system. Repair any leaks immediately.
Testing the Mower Under Load
Once the engine is running smoothly, test the mower under load by cutting grass. Observe the mower’s performance and make any necessary adjustments.
Final Thoughts: Prolonging Your Mower’s Lifespan
Bringing a long-dormant lawn mower back to life can be a rewarding experience. By following these steps, you can often save money and avoid the cost of a new mower. To prolong your mower’s lifespan, be sure to perform regular maintenance, including changing the oil, cleaning the air filter, and sharpening the blade. Store the mower properly during the off-season, draining the fuel tank and adding fuel stabilizer. With proper care and maintenance, your lawn mower can provide years of reliable service. Remember to always consult your owner’s manual for specific instructions and safety precautions related to your model. With persistence and attention to detail, you can successfully resurrect your sleeping giant and keep your lawn looking its best.
Why won’t my lawn mower start after being stored for a long period?
The most common reason a lawn mower won’t start after storage is stale fuel. Gasoline left in the tank and carburetor can degrade over time, forming a varnish-like substance that clogs the fuel lines and carburetor jets. This prevents the engine from receiving the fuel it needs to ignite, rendering the mower useless until the fuel system is addressed.
Another frequent cause is a dead or weak battery, especially in electric start models. Batteries lose their charge when left unused for extended periods. Additionally, spark plugs can become fouled or corroded, preventing them from generating the spark needed to ignite the fuel-air mixture. Addressing these issues is crucial for a successful restart.
How do I properly drain the old fuel from my lawn mower?
Before attempting to drain the fuel, ensure the engine is cool and you are working in a well-ventilated area away from any open flames or sources of ignition. Locate the fuel drain plug or petcock, usually found at the bottom of the carburetor or fuel tank. Place a suitable container underneath to catch the draining fuel.
If your mower doesn’t have a drain plug, you can use a siphon to remove the fuel from the tank. Once the fuel is drained, dispose of it properly according to local regulations. Consider using a fuel stabilizer in the future to prevent fuel degradation during storage. Clean any spilled fuel immediately to prevent fire hazards.
What’s the best way to clean a clogged carburetor?
Start by carefully disassembling the carburetor, taking pictures as you go to aid in reassembly. Pay close attention to the arrangement of the small parts like jets, needles, and floats. Use carburetor cleaner spray liberally on all internal components, paying particular attention to the jets and any visible deposits.
For stubborn clogs, you might need to use a small wire or carburetor cleaning tool to carefully dislodge the debris. Be gentle to avoid damaging the delicate components. Once thoroughly cleaned, reassemble the carburetor, ensuring all parts are properly seated. Replacing the fuel filter simultaneously is also recommended.
How can I test and replace the spark plug?
To test the spark plug, remove it from the engine and inspect it for signs of fouling, corrosion, or damage. A healthy spark plug should have a clean, dry electrode. Use a spark plug tester to check for a strong spark when the engine is cranked. If the spark is weak or nonexistent, the spark plug needs replacing.
When replacing the spark plug, use the correct type and gap specified in your lawn mower’s owner’s manual. Apply a small amount of anti-seize compound to the threads before installing the new spark plug. Tighten the spark plug to the correct torque specification, also found in the owner’s manual, to ensure a good seal.
What type of oil should I use in my lawn mower?
The type of oil you should use depends on the type of engine (2-stroke or 4-stroke) and the manufacturer’s recommendations. Four-stroke engines typically use SAE 30 or 10W-30 oil, while two-stroke engines require a special two-stroke oil mixed with gasoline at a specific ratio. Consult your owner’s manual for the correct oil type and viscosity grade.
Always use a high-quality oil designed for small engines. These oils are formulated to withstand the heat and demands of lawn mower engines. Regular oil changes are crucial for maintaining the engine’s performance and extending its lifespan. Check the oil level regularly and change it according to the manufacturer’s recommended intervals.
How do I sharpen my lawn mower blade?
Before sharpening, disconnect the spark plug wire to prevent accidental starting. Remove the blade from the mower, taking note of its orientation for proper reinstallation. Secure the blade in a vise and use a metal file or angle grinder to sharpen the cutting edges. Maintain the original bevel angle of the blade.
Wear safety glasses and gloves during the sharpening process. After sharpening, balance the blade using a blade balancer to prevent vibrations that can damage the mower. Reinstall the blade, ensuring it is securely fastened and properly oriented. A sharp blade will result in a cleaner cut and healthier lawn.
How often should I perform maintenance on my lawn mower?
Regular maintenance is essential for keeping your lawn mower in good working order. At a minimum, you should change the oil and air filter annually, or more frequently if you use the mower heavily. Clean the underside of the deck regularly to prevent grass buildup, which can affect cutting performance.
Before storing the mower for the off-season, drain the fuel or add a fuel stabilizer, change the oil, and clean the air filter. Sharpen the blade before storage so it’s ready to use when spring arrives. Following a consistent maintenance schedule will prolong the life of your mower and ensure reliable performance.