Introduction to Pool Design: Aesthetic and Functional Considerations
When it comes to swimming pool design, functionality and aesthetics go hand in hand. Homeowners today have multiple options to choose from, each offering unique benefits and design advantages. Among the most popular types of pools are skimmer and overflow pools. Both serve the essential function of maintaining clean and safe water but do so in fundamentally different ways.
Understanding the difference between a skimmer and an overflow pool is crucial for anyone planning to install a new pool or renovate an existing one. This article will explore both systems in detail, highlighting their pros and cons, design characteristics, and suitability for various environments.
What Is a Skimmer Pool?
Understanding the Basics
A skimmer pool is the most traditional and widely used design in residential swimming pools. The central feature of this system is the skimmer box — a small, rectangular opening on the side of the pool that draws in water from the surface level.
The skimmer captures floating debris like leaves, insects, and oils before the water enters the filtration and treatment system. This not only helps keep the pool clean but also improves water circulation and promotes better chemical distribution.
How Does a Skimmer Pool Work?
The skimmer pool operates on a simple principle: as water is drawn into the skimmer, it pulls in surface-level contaminants. These are caught in a floating basket inside the skimmer box, preventing them from reaching the pump and filter. Once filtered, the water is returned to the pool via jets located at the bottom, promoting a continuous flow cycle.
Key Components of a Skimmer Pool
- Skimmer Box: Located on the side of the pool, it acts as the primary surface water intake.
- Skimmer Basket: Traps debris before water proceeds to the pump.
- Return Jets: Situated on the pool floor, they return filtered water back into the pool.
- Main Drain: Located at the bottom of the pool, assists in deeper water filtration.
Pros and Cons of Skimmer Pools
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| Lower initial installation cost | Surface water turbulence may push debris back into the pool |
| Easier maintenance and accessibility | Skimmer basket must be frequently cleaned |
| Widely available and well-understood system | Surface water is not constantly refreshed |
What Is an Overflow Pool?
An Overview of the Overflow System
An overflow pool, also known as a perimeter overflow, infinity edge, or trough-edge pool, represents a more modern, high-end pool design. In this system, water is continuously skimmed from the top layer of the pool and directed into a perimeter channel or gutter that surrounds the pool.
From there, water flows into a balance tank where it is filtered and recirculated back into the pool. This creates a seamless, spa-like experience with constantly renewed surface water.
How Does an Overflow Pool Work?
In an overflow pool, water flows over the edge into a trough or channel. This collection system redirects water into a subterranean tank, where it is processed through the filtration, heating, and chemical treatment systems. It is then returned to the pool, typically through in-floor returns or wall returns, depending on the design.
This continuous surface skimming ensures that contaminants are removed as soon as they land on the water, offering superior hygiene and clarity.
Key Components of an Overflow Pool
- Overflow Gutter: A channel surrounding the edge of the pool to capture water and debris.
- Balance Tank: A hidden chamber that collects water for filtration and recirculation.
- In-Floor Returns: Water is returned to the pool from the bottom, ensuring even distribution.
- Secondary Filtration Pumps: Often used to maintain a constant flow in larger overflow systems.
Pros and Cons of Overflow Pools
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| Exceptional water clarity from continuous surface skimming | Higher construction and maintenance costs |
| Modern aesthetics with infinity edge or flush-edge designs | Larger and more complex system requirements |
| Efficient debris capture before it sinks or disperses | Space requirements for guttering and balance tank |
Key Differences Between Skimmer and Overflow Pools
1. Water Circulation Mechanism
Skimmer pools rely on a surface intake positioned at the waterline to remove floating debris. Water is then cycled through the pump and filter before being returned via jets. This creates a surface-to-bottom flow pattern.
In contrast, overflow pools continuously draw water from the surface perimeter into a guttering system, filtering and recirculating it without relying on skimmer baskets. The water enters the pool from the bottom or floor, creating a full renewal of the surface layer.
2. Efficiency in Debris Removal
While both systems are effective, the main difference lies in how quickly and thoroughly they handle contaminants:
- Skimmer pools may require manual skimming or robotic cleaners for optimal surface cleanliness.
- Overflow pools automatically capture floating debris the moment it touches the surface.
Thus, overflow pools tend to maintain cleaner water with less frequent manual intervention.
3. Installation and Maintenance Costs
Skimmer pools are generally easier and cheaper to install because they require fewer components and do not need additional infrastructure like troughs or a balance tank.
However, overflow pools demand higher upfront investments due to their elaborate guttering system, elevated water treatment capacity, and the necessity for a balance tank. Maintenance costs are also higher, especially for commercial or large residential setups.
4. Aesthetic and Design Appeal
An overflow pool offers a much sleeker, modern appearance, especially when designed with an infinity edge or flush-to-ground edges. This design seamlessly blends the pool with its surroundings, making it a popular choice for luxury homes, hotels, and upscale resorts.
Skimmer pools, while more functional, are typically less visually striking. Their skimmer slots and more traditional inlets and returns are often more noticeable and may not integrate as seamlessly into minimalist or contemporary architecture.
5. Suitability for Different Environments
| Environment | Best Pool Type | Reason |
|————-|—————-|——–|
| Residential Backyard | Skimmer Pool | Lower cost, easier installation and maintenance |
| Rooftop Pool | Overflow Pool | Cleaner surface water, less need for manual cleaning |
| Commercial Pool | Overflow Pool | Higher hygiene standards, more efficient operation |
| Small Pools | Skimmer Pool | Space-efficient design with minimal system complexity |
| High-End Architecture | Overflow Pool | Sleek, modern visuals and premium filtration |
Which Pool Type Is Right for You?
Consider Your Budget
If budget is a major concern, the skimmer system is the more economical choice. It’s well-established, easy to repair, and does not require large underground tanks or complex guttering.
For those with sufficient funds and a desire for a premium experience, the overflow pool offers exceptional cleanliness and visual elegance.
Evaluate Your Maintenance Tolerance
Do you prefer minimal manual intervention and constant surface skimming? Then an overflow pool is ideal. Overflow systems capture debris immediately and maintain water clarity with less frequent basket cleaning and surface skimming.
However, if you’re comfortable with occasional skimmer basket cleaning and pool skimming, the skimmer pool is perfectly adequate for most residential applications.
Think About Aesthetic Goals
Overflow pools are often preferred in luxury and contemporary settings due to their edgeless designs and uninterrupted water surfaces. Skimmer pools remain the go-to for traditional layouts but may not offer the same striking appearance.
Consider Space and Construction Constraints
Overflow systems require additional space for gutters and the balance tank, which can be a limiting factor in small properties. Skimmer pools are usually more compact and easier to retrofit into existing landscapes.
Technological and Maintenance Considerations for Pool Owners
Energy and Water Efficiency
Both systems can be made energy-efficient with modern filtration equipment, but overflow systems typically consume more water due to the constant flow and recirculation process. However, many high-end systems include water conservation mechanisms such as automated sensors and low-consumption filtration units.
Skimmer pools are generally less water-intensive and rely more on localized surface skimming. This makes them a better fit for regions with water restrictions or conservation concerns.
Automation and Smart Pool Technologies
Modern pool technology has begun to integrate smart controls and automation with both skimmer and overflow pool systems. Overflow pools, due to their complexity, often benefit more from automation, including:
- Tank level sensors
- Automatic water replenishment
- Filtration scheduling
Skimmer systems also benefit from automation, especially in terms of chemical balancing and pump scheduling.
Repair and Accessibility
Skimmer pools are generally easier to repair because their components are more accessible and widely understood by pool service technicians. Overflow pools, on the other hand, require specialized knowledge and equipment due to their integrated systems and underground tanks.
In large commercial installations, this may mean hiring dedicated engineers or maintenance staff, adding to overall cost and complexity.
Conclusion: Choosing Between Skimmer and Overflow Pools
The choice between a skimmer and an overflow pool depends on several key factors: budget, aesthetic preferences, maintenance expectations, and available space.
For the average homeowner seeking a reliable, cost-effective pool with solid functionality, a skimmer pool is an excellent choice. It offers ease of maintenance and proven performance.
On the other hand, if you’re aiming for a modern, design-forward pool with superior hygiene and visual appeal, an overflow pool could be the perfect upgrade.
Regardless of which you choose, understanding the core differences between these systems will help ensure you install a pool that meets both your lifestyle needs and budget.
References and Further Reading
For more in-depth exploration of pool systems and filtration technologies, resources like the National Swimming Pool Foundation (NSPF), the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA), and local pool contractors offer valuable guidelines and advice tailored to your region.
Additionally, consulting with a certified pool designer or engineer can help you better customize your pool system to your specific needs and preferences.
What is the main difference between a skimmer and an overflow pool design?
The primary difference between a skimmer and an overflow pool design lies in how each system manages water circulation and surface cleaning. A skimmer pool uses one or more skimmer boxes mounted on the sides of the pool, which draw water from the surface to capture debris before it sinks. This system typically maintains a standard water level with visible edges and relies on pumps and filters to keep the water clean.
In contrast, an overflow pool, also known as an infinity-edge or perimeter overflow pool, features a design where water flows over one or more edges into a trough or catch basin. This continuous overflow ensures a constant turnover of surface water, resulting in a very clean and clear surface. Overflow pools often appear more modern and luxurious due to their seamless edge design, and are typically used for high-end commercial or residential applications.
Which type of pool design is better for removing leaves and floating debris?
Skimmer pools are generally effective at removing floating debris like leaves, especially when equipped with a powerful pump and adequate skimmer boxes positioned around the pool. The skimmer draws water from just below the surface, pulling debris into a basket before it sinks, allowing for easy removal and filtration. This makes skimmer pools practical for homeowners who are looking for a cost-effective and efficient way to maintain water cleanliness.
However, in an overflow pool, water literally spills over the edge, carrying floating debris into the surrounding trough. This method ensures a continuous cleansing of the pool’s surface, offering superior efficiency in keeping the water free of oils and light debris. Because of this mechanism, overflow pools can achieve a consistently cleaner surface, which may be preferable for those who prioritize aesthetics and water quality over equipment efficiency.
Are overflow pools more expensive than skimmer pools?
Yes, overflow pools typically cost more to install and operate compared to skimmer pools. This is due to the need for a secondary basin or trough to collect the overflowing water, along with additional plumbing and a larger pump system to maintain continuous circulation. The construction is more complex, and more water volume is involved, which translates into higher initial installation costs for both plumbing and structural adjustments.
Additionally, the operating costs of an overflow pool can be higher because of the increased water volume that must be filtered and heated. Evaporation is also more pronounced due to the constant surface water movement, which can lead to more water loss and increased maintenance expenses. While skimmer pools require fewer components and generally simpler construction, the financial investment is more affordable, especially for residential users.
Which design offers a better visual appearance and aesthetic appeal?
Overflow pools often provide a more striking visual appeal due to their seamless edge design. When water flows over the perimeter, it creates an infinity-edge effect that visually merges the pool with the surrounding landscape—especially effective for pools overlooking scenic vistas. This aesthetic appeals to those seeking a modern, luxurious design that mimics the look of high-end hotel pools.
Skimmer pools, on the other hand, have a more traditional appearance with clearly defined edges and standard water levels. While they may not offer the same seamless look as overflow pools, they can still be designed with elegance, and their simplicity often complements a wide variety of architectural styles without overwhelming the surrounding design. For homeowners who prefer a classic look or have budgetary constraints, a skimmer pool may be the more practical yet stylish choice.
Can I retrofit my existing pool from a skimmer system to an overflow system?
Technically, yes, it is possible to retrofit an existing skimmer pool into an overflow system, although it is not always cost-effective or structurally feasible. Such a project requires raising or modifying the edge of the pool to allow water to flow over it into a newly constructed trough system. It also may involve changes to the plumbing, addition of a secondary pump, and potentially a new water circulation setup.
The retrofitting process can be quite involved and expensive, especially for older pools with structural limitations. In many cases, building a new overflow pool may be more efficient than converting an existing one. Homeowners considering a conversion must consult with both a structural engineer and pool contractor to determine the best course of action based on their current pool’s design and existing infrastructure.
How does each pool design impact water maintenance and cleaning?
Skimmer pools offer a more straightforward maintenance process because they filter surface water through skimmer baskets before it reaches the pump. This captures leaves and debris early, reducing the amount that needs to be vacuumed or skimmed manually. Periodic cleaning of the baskets and regular maintenance of the main filter system are usually sufficient for keeping the water in good condition.
Overflow pools have a continuous surface cleaning action that helps reduce the build-up of surface contaminants like oil, pollen, and fine debris. Since the pool water constantly overflows into the trough, it’s drawn into the filtration system with high surface turnover. However, the trough itself requires regular cleaning to avoid the build-up of collected debris, which can become a maintenance point often overlooked in the planning phase.
Which pool design is better suited for swimming and exercise?
If the primary purpose of the pool is for exercise, lap swimming, or water therapy, skimmer pools are often the better choice. Their design allows for a clear waterline and standard depth throughout, which can be more conducive to installing swim jets and other fitness equipment. Skimmer systems are also widely used and well-understood, making maintenance and modifications more straightforward.
Overflow pools, particularly those with perimeter overflow systems, may present a slightly shallower effective depth near the edges due to how the water spills over. Additionally, the visual effect of the infinity edge can distract some users during repetitive swimming activities. While visually stunning, they are often more popular for relaxation and aesthetic appeal rather than rigorous swimming routines. For serious swimmers, a skimmer design is typically more functional and adaptable.