Clover, while often seen as a charming addition to a lawn or garden, can quickly become an unwelcome guest. Its aggressive growth habit and ability to thrive in poor soil conditions make it a persistent weed for many homeowners and gardeners. Understanding effective clover control methods, including the use of herbicides, is crucial for maintaining a healthy and aesthetically pleasing lawn. This article delves into the world of clover control, exploring various herbicide options, best practices for application, and preventative measures to keep clover at bay.
Understanding Clover and Its Growth Habits
Clover is a common name for plants in the genus Trifolium. Several species of clover can infest lawns, including white clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (Trifolium pratense), and yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis). White clover is by far the most prevalent lawn invader.
Clover’s success stems from several factors. First, it’s a legume, meaning it can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil. This gives it a competitive advantage in nutrient-poor lawns where grass struggles. Second, clover is highly adaptable and can tolerate a wide range of soil conditions, including compacted soils and low pH levels. Third, clover spreads through stolons, creeping stems that root at the nodes, allowing it to quickly colonize large areas.
Clover often appears in lawns lacking sufficient nitrogen. Many homeowners perceive clover as undesirable because it creates an uneven lawn texture and can outcompete grass for sunlight and resources.
Choosing the Right Herbicide for Clover Control
Selecting the “best” poison for clover depends on several factors, including the type of clover, the size of the infestation, the type of grass in your lawn, and your personal preferences regarding chemical use. Broadly, herbicides fall into two categories: selective and non-selective.
Selective herbicides are designed to kill specific types of plants (in this case, broadleaf weeds like clover) without harming desirable grasses. Non-selective herbicides, on the other hand, will kill any plant they come into contact with. Using a non-selective herbicide requires extreme caution to avoid damaging your lawn.
Common active ingredients in selective herbicides effective against clover include:
- 2,4-D: This is a widely used broadleaf herbicide that disrupts plant growth. It is effective against clover but may require multiple applications.
- MCPP (Mecoprop): Often combined with 2,4-D, MCPP enhances the herbicide’s effectiveness against tough-to-control weeds like clover.
- Dicamba: Another broadleaf herbicide that works systemically, meaning it’s absorbed by the plant and transported throughout its tissues. Dicamba is particularly effective against clover but can be more damaging to certain grasses at higher concentrations.
- Triclopyr: Known for its effectiveness on woody plants and tough broadleaf weeds, triclopyr is a potent option for clover control.
When choosing a herbicide, always read the label carefully to ensure it is safe for your specific grass type. Some herbicides can damage or kill certain grasses, especially during hot weather.
Understanding Herbicide Formulations
Herbicides are available in various formulations, including liquid concentrates, ready-to-use sprays, and granular products. Liquid concentrates require mixing with water before application, while ready-to-use sprays are pre-mixed and ready to apply directly to the weeds. Granular herbicides are typically applied with a spreader and require watering in to activate.
The best formulation for you will depend on the size of the area you need to treat and your personal preference. Liquid concentrates are often more economical for larger areas, while ready-to-use sprays are convenient for spot treatments. Granular herbicides can provide a more even application over larger areas, but they may take longer to show results.
Spot Treatment vs. Broadcast Application
For small clover infestations, spot treatment is often the best approach. This involves applying the herbicide directly to the clover plants, minimizing the risk of damage to surrounding grass. Spot treatments can be done with a handheld sprayer or a small spray bottle.
For larger, more widespread clover infestations, broadcast application may be necessary. This involves applying the herbicide to the entire lawn area. Broadcast applications should be done with a calibrated sprayer or a granular spreader to ensure even coverage and avoid over-application.
Best Practices for Herbicide Application
Applying herbicides effectively requires careful attention to detail and adherence to best practices. Always read and follow the instructions on the herbicide label. The label is the law.
- Timing is Key: The best time to apply herbicides for clover control is typically in the fall or spring when the clover is actively growing. Avoid applying herbicides during hot, dry weather, as this can stress the grass and reduce the herbicide’s effectiveness.
- Proper Mixing and Application: If using a liquid concentrate, mix the herbicide according to the label instructions. Use a calibrated sprayer to ensure even coverage and avoid over-application. Apply the herbicide on a calm day to prevent drift.
- Consider Weather Conditions: Avoid applying herbicides before or after rain, as the rain can wash the herbicide away before it has a chance to be absorbed by the plants. The ideal conditions for herbicide application are calm, sunny weather with temperatures between 60°F and 85°F.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear appropriate PPE when applying herbicides, including gloves, eye protection, and long sleeves and pants. This will help protect you from exposure to the chemicals.
- Post-Application Care: Avoid mowing the lawn for at least 24 hours after applying herbicide. This will allow the herbicide to be fully absorbed by the clover. Water the lawn thoroughly after the waiting period, unless the herbicide instructions specify otherwise.
- Multiple Applications: Clover can be persistent, and multiple herbicide applications may be necessary to achieve complete control. Wait at least two weeks between applications to allow the herbicide to work.
Alternative Clover Control Methods: Beyond Herbicides
While herbicides can be effective for clover control, there are also several alternative methods that can be used, either alone or in combination with herbicides. These methods are often more environmentally friendly and can be a good option for homeowners who are concerned about the potential risks of chemical use.
- Improving Soil Health: Clover thrives in nutrient-poor soils, so improving your soil health can help to reduce clover infestations. Aerate your lawn regularly to improve drainage and reduce compaction. Test your soil and amend it with compost or other organic matter to improve its fertility.
- Nitrogen Fertilization: Applying nitrogen fertilizer to your lawn can help to promote grass growth and outcompete clover. Choose a fertilizer that is appropriate for your grass type and apply it according to the label instructions. Consistent nitrogen fertilization is key to preventing clover from returning.
- Overseeding: Overseeding your lawn with grass seed can help to thicken the turf and fill in any bare spots where clover can establish. Choose a grass seed that is well-suited to your climate and soil conditions.
- Manual Removal: For small clover infestations, manual removal can be an effective option. Use a weeding tool to dig up the clover plants, making sure to remove the entire root system. This can be time-consuming, but it is a chemical-free way to control clover.
- Corn Gluten Meal: Corn gluten meal is a natural pre-emergent herbicide that can prevent clover seeds from germinating. Apply corn gluten meal to your lawn in the spring before clover seeds begin to sprout. Be aware that corn gluten meal also prevents grass seeds from germinating, so avoid using it if you are planning to overseed your lawn.
Preventative Measures to Keep Clover Away
The best way to control clover is to prevent it from establishing in the first place. Here are some preventative measures you can take:
- Maintain a Healthy Lawn: A healthy, dense lawn is less susceptible to clover infestations. Follow a regular lawn care program that includes proper mowing, fertilization, and watering.
- Mow High: Mowing your lawn at a higher height (around 3 inches) can help to shade the soil and prevent clover seeds from germinating.
- Water Deeply and Infrequently: Watering your lawn deeply and infrequently encourages deep root growth, which makes the grass more drought-tolerant and less susceptible to clover infestations.
- Address Soil Problems: Correct any soil problems, such as compaction or low pH, to create a more favorable environment for grass growth.
- Regular Inspection: Regularly inspect your lawn for signs of clover and take action quickly to remove any new plants before they can spread.
Specific Herbicide Options: A Closer Look
Let’s delve a bit deeper into specific herbicide products commonly used for clover control. Remember that product availability varies by region.
- Weed-B-Gon MAX Ready-to-Use: This is a convenient ready-to-use spray containing 2,4-D, MCPP, and dicamba. It’s ideal for spot treating small clover patches. Its ease of use is a major advantage.
- Ortho WeedClear Lawn Weed Killer: This product, available in both concentrate and ready-to-use forms, also contains 2,4-D, MCPP, and dicamba. It’s effective against a wide range of broadleaf weeds, including clover.
- Triclopyr-Based Herbicides: Products containing triclopyr, often sold under various brand names, are potent options. They can be particularly useful for persistent clover or clover mixed with other difficult-to-control weeds. Always exercise caution and follow label instructions meticulously.
- Combination Products: Many lawn care products combine a fertilizer with a broadleaf herbicide. These “weed and feed” products can be a convenient way to fertilize your lawn and control clover at the same time. However, they can also be less effective than applying fertilizer and herbicide separately, as the timing for optimal fertilization and weed control may not always coincide.
The Impact of pH on Clover Growth
Soil pH plays a significant role in clover’s ability to thrive. Clover prefers slightly alkaline to neutral soil conditions (pH 6.0-7.5). When soil pH drops below this range, grasses often struggle, creating an opening for clover to take hold.
Testing your soil pH is crucial. Soil test kits are readily available at garden centers or online. If your soil pH is too low, you can amend it by adding lime. Lime raises the soil pH, making it more favorable for grass growth and less favorable for clover.
The Role of Aeration in Clover Control
Soil compaction can significantly hinder grass growth, creating an ideal environment for clover. Compacted soil restricts root growth, reduces water infiltration, and limits nutrient availability.
Aerating your lawn helps to alleviate soil compaction, allowing air, water, and nutrients to reach the grass roots. Core aeration, which involves removing small plugs of soil from the lawn, is the most effective method of aeration. Aerate your lawn at least once a year, preferably in the fall or spring.
The Importance of Consistent Lawn Care
Ultimately, the best defense against clover is a healthy, well-maintained lawn. Consistent lawn care practices, including proper mowing, fertilization, watering, aeration, and soil amendment, are essential for preventing clover infestations. By creating a favorable environment for grass growth, you can outcompete clover and keep it from becoming a problem.
Conclusion
Controlling clover in your lawn requires a multifaceted approach. Understanding clover’s growth habits, selecting the right herbicide (if necessary), following best practices for application, and implementing preventative measures are all crucial for success. Remember that patience and persistence are key. It may take multiple applications of herbicide or several years of consistent lawn care to completely eliminate clover from your lawn. By taking a proactive approach, you can achieve a lush, clover-free lawn that you can be proud of.
What makes clover a problematic weed?
Clover, while aesthetically pleasing to some, can become a nuisance in lawns due to its aggressive growth habit. It outcompetes desirable grass species for essential resources like sunlight, water, and nutrients, leading to patchy and uneven turf. Furthermore, clover attracts bees and other insects, which might be undesirable for homeowners with allergies or concerns about stings, especially around children and pets.
Another issue is clover’s ability to thrive in nutrient-poor soil, specifically soil lacking sufficient nitrogen. This gives it a competitive advantage over grasses that require higher nitrogen levels, making clover a persistent problem even with regular lawn care. Its spreading stems (stolons) allow it to rapidly colonize bare spots and expand its territory, quickly dominating a lawn if left unchecked.
What are the different types of herbicides effective against clover?
Several types of herbicides are effective against clover, falling into two main categories: selective and non-selective. Selective herbicides are designed to target broadleaf weeds like clover while leaving grasses relatively unharmed. These often contain active ingredients like 2,4-D, dicamba, mecoprop (MCPP), or MCPA, and are available in various formulations, including liquid concentrates and ready-to-use sprays. Careful application, following label instructions precisely, is crucial to avoid damaging the desired grass.
Non-selective herbicides, such as glyphosate, will kill any plant they come into contact with, including both clover and grass. Therefore, they are best used for spot treatments in areas where all vegetation needs to be removed, such as preparing a garden bed or clearing overgrown patches. When using non-selective herbicides, take extreme care to protect desirable plants by shielding them or applying the herbicide only on windless days to prevent drift.
What are the best selective herbicides for clover control?
For selective control of clover, herbicides containing a combination of 2,4-D, dicamba, and MCPP are generally considered highly effective. These ingredients work synergistically to disrupt the growth of broadleaf weeds, including clover, without significantly harming most common lawn grasses. Look for products specifically labeled for broadleaf weed control in lawns, and be sure to choose one appropriate for your grass type.
Several reputable brands offer effective selective herbicides, including Weed-B-Gon MAX, Trimec, and others. Always read and follow the product label instructions carefully, paying attention to application rates, timing, and safety precautions. Spot treating individual clover patches is often the most effective way to minimize the impact on desirable grasses while maximizing clover control.
When is the best time of year to apply herbicide for clover control?
The optimal time to apply herbicide for clover control is typically during the fall or spring when clover is actively growing. Fall applications are often more effective because the clover is actively storing nutrients for the winter, which allows the herbicide to be absorbed and translocated throughout the plant more efficiently, leading to better kill rates. Furthermore, cooler temperatures reduce the risk of damaging desirable grasses.
Spring applications can also be successful, but it’s important to apply the herbicide before clover has a chance to flower and spread seeds. Avoid applying herbicides during the heat of summer, as high temperatures can stress both the clover and the grass, making them more susceptible to damage from the herbicide. Always follow the specific timing recommendations on the herbicide label for best results.
Are there any natural or organic methods for controlling clover?
Yes, several natural and organic methods can help control clover, although they may require more patience and persistence than chemical herbicides. Improving soil health is key, particularly by increasing nitrogen levels, which can be achieved through regular fertilization with nitrogen-rich organic fertilizers or by overseeding with grass varieties that are better competitors against clover.
Other organic methods include manual removal of clover patches by hand-pulling or digging, although this can be labor-intensive and may not be effective if the entire root system is not removed. Additionally, using a vinegar-based weed killer can provide temporary relief, but it will likely need to be reapplied regularly and can also harm surrounding grass if not applied carefully. Corn gluten meal is sometimes promoted as a pre-emergent herbicide, but its effectiveness against clover is debatable and it may primarily function as a fertilizer.
How can I prevent clover from returning after treatment?
Preventing clover from returning requires a multi-pronged approach focused on improving lawn health and addressing the underlying conditions that favor clover growth. Regularly fertilizing your lawn with a nitrogen-rich fertilizer will help your grass outcompete the clover. Proper watering practices, avoiding overwatering or underwatering, are also crucial.
Additionally, maintain a healthy soil pH, as clover tends to thrive in acidic soils. Aerating your lawn regularly to improve drainage and reduce soil compaction can also help. Overseeding bare patches with grass seed will prevent clover from establishing in those areas. Finally, prompt removal of any new clover sprouts will prevent them from spreading and becoming a larger problem.
What safety precautions should I take when using herbicides for clover control?
When using any herbicide, it is essential to prioritize safety by carefully reading and following all instructions on the product label. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, long sleeves, long pants, and eye protection, to minimize skin and eye contact. Avoid applying herbicides on windy days to prevent drift onto non-target plants or areas.
Keep children and pets away from the treated area until the herbicide has completely dried. Store herbicides in a secure location out of reach of children and pets. After applying the herbicide, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water. If any herbicide comes into contact with your skin or eyes, flush immediately with plenty of water and seek medical attention if necessary.