Pool resurfacing is a critical maintenance task that ensures the longevity, aesthetics, and safety of your swimming pool. Whether you own a residential backyard pool or manage a commercial facility, understanding the resurfacing process can help you make informed decisions about timing, cost, and materials. In this article, we’ll take you through the entire process of pool resurfacing—from identifying signs that your pool needs a facelift to choosing materials and understanding the timeline involved.
What Is Pool Resurfacing?
Pool resurfacing refers to the restoration of the interior surface of a swimming pool. Over time, exposure to chlorine, sunlight, water pressure, and regular use can cause damage to the pool’s finish. Resurfacing helps restore a clean, safe, and appealing appearance to the pool structure by replacing or repairing the existing coating.
This process is distinct from routine maintenance or repairs like fixing cracks or replacing tiles. Rather, resurfacing involves a full renewal of the layer that comes into direct contact with pool water and is what swimmers see and touch.
Why Is Resurfacing Important?
Proper resurfacing plays a crucial role in:
- Extending the lifespan of your pool
- Improving structural integrity
- Enhancing aesthetics
- Making pool cleaning easier
Without prompt resurfacing, minor issues like small cracks or fading can escalate into costly damage, potentially leading to structural instability, water loss, and increased maintenance costs.
Signs It’s Time to Resurface Your Pool
Knowing when to resurface can save you from major repairs down the road. Here are some telltale signs:
1. Cracks in the Surface
Hairline cracks can develop from shifting earth, poor drainage, or settling over time. If left unattended, they can widen and compromise the pool’s structure.
2. Rough or Pitted Surface
If the interior of your pool no longer feels smooth and becomes increasingly rough or pitted, it’s not just uncomfortable—it’s a warning sign. Rough surfaces can harbor algae and bacteria.
3. Fading or Discoloration
Color loss or uneven patches on the pool surface indicate wear and may also signal chemical imbalances leading to deterioration.
4. Frequent Algae Growth
Algae find it easier to cling to porous, cracked, or rough surfaces. An increase in algae despite good maintenance may be due to a failing finish.
5. High Maintenance Costs
If your pool is requiring more chemical usage, frequent brushing, or patching repairs, resurfacing may be a cost-effective solution in the long run.
How Often Should You Resurface Your Pool?
The frequency of resurfacing depends on the type of surface finish, water chemistry, environmental conditions, and usage. On average:
| Finish Type | Resurfacing Frequency |
|---|---|
| Plaster or Marcite | Every 5–7 years |
| Aggregate (Quartz, Pebble Tec) | Every 7–10 years |
| Epoxy | Every 10–15 years (usually indoor pools) |
Pebble finishes tend to last longer because they are more durable, while traditional plaster often shows wear quickly.
The Pool Resurfacing Process: Step-by-Step
Resurfacing a pool involves a structured process that requires professional skill and significant preparation. Although it may vary slightly depending on the type of pool and materials used, the process generally follows these stages:
Step 1: Draining the Pool
Before any work can begin, the pool is completely drained of water. This is typically done using submersible pumps and sometimes involves water recycling or following local disposal regulations. It’s essential to ensure soil conditions allow full draining to prevent the pool from “floating” due to groundwater pressure.
Step 2: Inspection and Repairs
Once the pool is empty, a professional contractor conducts a thorough inspection of the structure, searching for:
- Cracks in the shell or plumbing leaks
- Underlying issues such as hydrostatic pressure damage or improper water chemistry
- Wear in the gunite (concrete) base that may require patching
If structural damage is detected, those repairs must be completed before resurfacing begins.
Step 3: Surface Preparation
This stage involves:
- Removing the old surface
- Etching or sandblasting to roughen the gunite base
- Cleaning the surface to ensure proper bonding
Sometimes the existing plaster is acid-washed, while in other cases, the surface is mechanically removed using specialized tools. The objective is to expose virgin concrete so the new finish adheres properly.
Step 4: Applying Bonding Agent (Optional)
In some applications—especially if the old surface is being patched or the pool is refinished over existing plaster—a bonding agent is applied to create better adhesion. This is not always required, particularly in total re-plastering situations, but it can extend the life of the new surface.
Step 5: New Surface Application
Now comes the core step: applying the new finish. The contractor mixes the chosen material (plaster, quartz, pebble, or epoxy), then applies a base coat followed by a finish coat. This is done using specialized troweling techniques to ensure smooth, even coverage.
Step 6: Curing and Water Refill
The fresh surface must be kept moist during the curing process, which typically lasts 24–48 hours. Water is reintroduced to the pool to facilitate this final curing step. The pool then needs to be balanced chemically before use.
Choosing the Right Pool Resurfacing Material
Selecting the appropriate surface material is one of the most important decisions during the resurfacing phase. Consider how the surface looks, its texture, durability, and any impact it may have on water chemistry.
1. Plaster (Marcite)
This is the most common and traditional finish, typically composed of white cement, marble dust, and water. It’s cost-effective and offers a classic, elegant appearance.
Pros:
- Lowest initial cost
- Smoother texture
- Easily customizable with color additives
Cons:
- Shortest lifespan (5–7 years)
- More prone to staining and cracking
- Requires additional chemical balancing to prevent etching or scale
2. Aggregate Finishes (Quartz & Pebble Tec)
These finishes use fine or coarse aggregates mixed into the plaster to create more durable and visually appealing surfaces. Quartz surfaces offer a glossy look, while Pebble Tec provides a textured, natural stone feel.
Pros:
- Longer lifespan (7–10 years)
- Stain and abrasion resistant
- Improved aesthetic depth and texture
Cons:
- Higher initial cost than traditional plaster
- Rougher texture may not be ideal for younger children or sensitive skin
- Requires experienced contractors for proper application
3. Epoxy Coating
Epoxy is primarily used for indoor pools or spas due to its ultra-durable, non-porous nature. It offers a hard, seamless finish that resists most chemicals.
Pros:
- Extremely long-lasting (up to 15 years)
- Resistant to chemicals, abrasions, and algae
- Smooth, sleek finish
Cons:
- Not UV-resistant (不适合 Outdoor Pools)
- Not breathable—may trap moisture
- Higher cost and professional application required
4. Tile Finishes
Tile resurfacing is less common as a full interior option due to high cost and labor-intensive installation. However, many pool owners use tile on or around the waterline to enhance beauty or protect the plaster finish.
Pros:
- Virtually waterproof and long-lasting
- Stylish and customizable with colors and designs
- Excellent for waterline accents
Cons:
- Very expensive
- Requires more maintenance, particularly grout
- Limited flexibility in overall resurfacing strategy
How Long Does Pool Resurfacing Take?
The duration of a pool resurfacing project is typically around three to seven days, depending on the size of the pool and materials used. Here’s a general timeline:
| Day | Action |
|---|---|
| Day 1 | Draining and inspection |
| Day 2 | Surface prep and necessary structural repairs |
| Days 3–4 | Application of base and finish coats |
| Day 5 | Curing phase |
| Day 6–7 | Refilling and chemical balancing |
If the job involves minor structural issues, it can extend the timeline by a few extra days. Weather conditions also affect the project, especially when working with cement-based materials. Rain or excessive heat can delay finishing coat applications and affect curing time.
Cost of Pool Resurfacing
The cost varies widely based on the surface material, labor rates, and geographic location. Here’s a general breakdown:
| Material | Cost Range (for a 15’x30′ pool) |
|---|---|
| Plaster | $3,000–$5,000 |
| Quartz Finish | $6,000–$9,000 |
| Pebble Tec | $7,000–$10,000+ |
| Epoxy | $5,000–$8,000 |
| Tile | $10,000–$20,000+ |
It’s important to consider value over price. While some finishes are more expensive upfront, their longer lifespans and reduced maintenance can make them more cost-effective in the long run.
Post-Resurfacing Care and Maintenance
Even after resurfacing, proper maintenance is essential to protect your investment. Here are key practices:
1. Chemical Balance
New surfaces react sensitively to water chemistry during the first few weeks. Maintain balanced levels of pH (7.4–7.6), alkalinity, calcium hardness, and chlorine. Unbalanced water can cause etching or cloudiness, especially in plaster finishes.
2. Brushing
Gentle brushing with a soft nylon brush (especially recommended for plaster and aggregate finishes) in the first 30 days helps dislodge calcium dust and promotes surface stability.
3. Filling and Circulating
Ensure the pump runs continuously during the first few days after water reintroduction to prevent water stagnation and uneven settling of calcium deposits.
4. Delay Usage
Although water is returned to the pool immediately after the finish is applied, avoid heavy usage for two to four weeks to let everything fully cure and stabilize.
5. Professional Inspections
Follow up with a local pool professional to test chemical levels and ensure everything is running smoothly during the post-resurfacing phase.
Why Hiring a Professional Matters
Pool resurfacing is not a DIY-friendly task. It involves heavy equipment, technical knowledge of materials, and a proper curing environment. Hiring a licensed, experienced pool contractor can ensure:
- Proper surface preparation and drainage
- Accurate mixing and application techniques
- Adherence to code and safety regulations
- Warranty and guarantee for the finished surface
Always ask for references, past projects, and proof of insurance before hiring. Reading reviews or checking professional association memberships like the Association of Pool & Spa Professionals (APSP) or local contractor bodies can also streamline your choice.
Conclusion: Preserve Your Pool with Timely Resurfacing
A well-maintained pool enhances your property value, provides a safe recreational space, and brings joy to every swim. Pool resurfacing plays a pivotal role in achieving this—and knowing what they do when resurfacing a pool helps you make smarter, proactive decisions.
Whether you opt for the classic look of plaster or the elegance of a pebble finish, choosing the right time and method for resurfacing ensures your pool remains in top condition for years. By understanding the process, signs of wear, types of finishes, and maintenance practices—you protect your investment and enjoy a clean, safe swimming environment longer.
What does resurfacing a pool involve?
Resurfacing a pool typically involves removing the existing surface material—such as plaster, marcite, or tiles—and replacing or repairing it with a new finish. This process starts with draining the pool completely, then inspecting the structure for any cracks, leaks, or other damage that needs to be addressed before applying a new surface layer. The shell is then prepared by sanding or acid-washing to create a smooth and clean base.
Once the preparation is complete, a new surface is applied using materials like plaster, aggregate finishes (e.g., quartz or pebble), or tile coatings. The resurfacing material is carefully mixed and applied by professionals to ensure durability and a seamless finish. After application, the pool is left to cure before being refilled and restored to normal operation.
How long does pool resurfacing take?
The duration of a pool resurfacing project generally ranges from 5 to 10 days, depending on factors such as pool size, the chosen material, and weather conditions. The most time-consuming steps include draining the pool, repairing the structure, and allowing the new surface to cure properly. Curing time can vary significantly, with some finishes requiring up to a week of drying time before the pool can be refilled.
In some cases, additional time may be required if unexpected structural issues arise during the inspection phase. Weather conditions such as humidity, temperature, and rainfall can also impact the timeline, especially when choosing finishes that are sensitive to environmental factors. Homeowners should plan accordingly and maintain clear communication with their contractor for an accurate schedule.
How often should a pool be resurfaced?
Most pool surfaces need resurfacing every 7 to 15 years, depending on the type of material used and how well the pool has been maintained. Traditional plaster finishes tend to wear out faster, often needing renewal every 7 to 10 years, while more durable options like pebble or quartz finishes can last 12 to 15 years or longer. Regular maintenance and proper chemical balance are key to extending the life of a pool surface.
Factors such as heavy usage, extreme weather, and poor water chemistry can accelerate surface deterioration. Cracks, staining, or a rough texture are often telltale signs that it’s time for resurfacing. Keeping up with regular inspections and addressing minor issues promptly can help delay the need for a full resurface and keep the pool looking clean and safe.
Can I resurface my pool myself?
While some minor pool repairs can be DIY-friendly, resurfacing a pool is generally a complex and labor-intensive process best left to professionals. The task requires specialized tools, materials, and knowledge of local building codes. Improper application can lead to premature failure of the new surface, costly repairs, or even structural damage. Furthermore, properly preparing the shell and applying the finish under the right conditions requires experience.
Hiring a licensed and reputable contractor ensures the job is done correctly and efficiently. Professionals have access to high-quality materials and equipment, and they are trained to address underlying issues like cracks or leaks. Although DIY resurfacing kits are available, they often yield inconsistent results and may void any warranty on the materials used. For optimal results and safety, professional assistance is recommended.
What are the different types of pool finishes available?
Several materials are commonly used for pool resurfacing, each offering unique benefits and aesthetics. Traditional white plaster is affordable and smooth but tends to wear out quicker and may show stains more easily. Pebble finishes are popular for their durability, natural texture, and ability to hide imperfections, though they can be rougher underfoot. Quartz is a mid-range option that combines the smoothness of plaster with the durability and color variety of pebble.
Other alternatives include瓷砖瓷砖, which offer a luxurious look but can be more expensive and labor-intensive to install. Epoxy coatings are also used, particularly for interior surfaces of spas and small pools, though they are less common for full-sized pools. The choice of finish depends on factors such as budget, desired appearance, texture, and long-term maintenance goals. Consulting with a professional helps determine which finish is best suited for your specific needs.
Will resurfacing a pool fix cracks and other structural issues?
While resurfacing often improves the appearance of a pool and restores its functionality, it does not automatically fix underlying structural issues. Before applying a new finish, professionals inspect the pool for signs of cracks, leaks, or other damage. If structural problems are identified, these must be repaired using appropriate materials and methods—such as hydraulic cement or complete shell reinforcement—before the resurfacing process begins.
Ignoring structural issues during a resurface can lead to repeated damage and premature failure of the new finish. Therefore, a proper resurfacing job includes identifying and addressing the root causes of damage, such as shifting soil, plumbing leaks, or poor construction. If done correctly, resurfacing can provide a long-lasting and attractive result that enhances the pool’s integrity and usability.
How much does it cost to resurface a pool?
The cost of resurfacing a pool varies widely depending on pool size, the type of material used, and regional labor rates. On average, homeowners can expect to spend between $2,500 and $7,000 for basic plaster resurfacing. More premium finishes, such as pebble or quartz, typically cost $5,000 to $15,000 or more due to the higher material costs and the expertise required for installation.
Additional costs may arise from repairing structural issues, removing old finishes, or refinishing surrounding decks and tile borders. It’s also important to factor in the cost of draining and refilling the pool, rebalancing water chemistry, and possibly replacing or repairing coping and waterline tiles. Getting multiple quotes from licensed contractors and including these associated costs in your budget will help ensure a smooth and financially manageable resurfacing project.