Keeping a swimming pool clean is not just about aesthetics—it’s essential for health, safety, and longevity. Whether you’re a pool owner or simply curious about professional maintenance, understanding what pool companies use to clean pools can empower you to make better decisions for your investment. In this detailed guide, we’ll explore the tools, chemicals, equipment, and procedures professional pool services employ to ensure your water stays crystal clear and safe all season long.
Understanding the Basics of Pool Cleaning
Before diving into the specifics used by pool companies, it’s important to understand the basics. Pool cleaning is a multifaceted process that involves physical cleaning, water testing, chemical balancing, and mechanical maintenance. Pool professionals don’t just throw in some chlorine and call it a day—they follow a systematic and scientific approach to keep your pool in top condition.
Why Professional Pool Maintenance Matters
Professional pool services are equipped with the knowledge, tools, and products necessary to maintain optimal water chemistry and cleanliness. They detect issues early, prevent costly repairs, and ensure the water remains free of contaminants. While homeowners can perform basic maintenance, professional attention is crucial for deep cleaning, equipment troubleshooting, and long-term care.
Essential Tools and Equipment Used by Pool Companies
Just like any professional service, pool maintenance companies rely on a range of specialized tools and equipment. These items are designed to efficiently remove debris, scrub surfaces, test chemical levels, and maintain mechanical systems.
1. Pool Skimmers and Nets
The first line of defense in any pool cleaning process is the removal of floating debris such as leaves, insects, and pollen. Pool companies use a combination of skimmer baskets built into the pool’s filtration system and handheld leaf nets for manual surface skimming.
2. Pool Vacuums
While automatic pool cleaners are common in residential settings, professional cleaners often use heavy-duty manual vacuums that are more effective for large or heavily soiled pools.
3. Pool Brushes
Brushing the pool walls and floor is essential to prevent algae buildup and keep surfaces clean. Pool companies use a variety of brushes made from nylon, stainless steel, or even combo brushes that handle both vinyl and concrete pools without damaging surfaces.
4. Water Test Kits and Digital Testers
Maintaining proper water chemistry is critical for swimmer safety and equipment longevity. Pool professionals use either test kits with reagents and color comparators or digital pool water testers to accurately measure pH, chlorine, alkalinity, calcium hardness, and other key water parameters.
5. Robotic and Suction-Side Pool Cleaners
Professional pool services may employ robotic or suction-side automatic pool cleaners for regular cleaning routines, particularly in pools with tight maintenance schedules or recurring debris issues.
6. Pool Filters
While most pools are equipped with a standard filtration system, pool companies understand how to clean, maintain, and optimize pool filters. There are three main types used: sand filters, cartridge filters, and DE (diatomaceous earth) filters, each with pros and cons.
Filter Cleaning Techniques
| Filter Type | Cleaning Frequency | Method |
|---|---|---|
| Sand Filter | Backwash every 4–6 weeks | Use filter backwash cycle |
| Cartridge Filter | Rinse every 2–4 weeks, deep clean every 3 months | Rinse with hose, soak in filter cleaner |
| DE Filter | Backwash and recharge with DE every 2–3 months | Backwash, clean grids, add fresh DE powder |
Chemicals Used by Pool Companies for Maintenance
Proper chemical use is the cornerstone of effective pool maintenance. Pool companies are trained to balance a complex array of chemicals to keep pool water safe, clear, and comfortable for swimmers.
1. Chlorine
Chlorine is the most common sanitizer used in pools. It kills bacteria, algae, and other organic contaminants. There are several types:
- Chlorine tablets or sticks (Trichlor or Dichlor)
- Granular chlorine (Cal-Hypo)
- Liquid chlorine (Sodium hypochlorite)
Each form has specific uses and handling considerations. Chlorine is crucial for eliminating harmful pathogens and should be monitored frequently.
2. pH Balancing Chemicals
Water with unbalanced pH can be harmful to both swimmers and the pool itself. The ideal pH for a pool is between 7.2 and 7.8. Pool companies use:
Chemicals to Raise pH:
- Soda ash (sodium carbonate)
Raises both pH and alkalinity. - Sodium bicarbonate
Primarily used to raise alkalinity without significantly increasing pH.
Chemicals to Lower pH:
- Muriatic acid (hydrochloric acid)
Effective, but must be handled carefully. - Dry acid (sodium bisulfate)
Granular and safer for home use.
3. Algaecides
Algae can quickly overtake a pool if left unchecked. While chlorine helps prevent algae, algaecides are often used as a supplementary defense. Professionals may use quaternary ammonium compounds (quats), polyquats, or copper-based algaecides depending on the type of algae.
4. Clarifiers and Water Clarifying Agents
When water becomes cloudy or hazy, clarifiers help by binding small particles together, making them easier for the filter to remove. This is a common step after shock treatments or periods of heavy use.
5. Pool Shock (Oxidizers)
Shocking the pool involves adding a high dose of chlorine or a non-chlorine oxidizer to break down organic contaminants and kill bacteria. Pool companies use shock for:
- Weekly maintenance
- After heavy bather load
- Opening and closing the pool season
6. Calcium Hardness Increasers
Calcium hardness refers to the concentration of calcium ions in the water. Too low can lead to etching of pool surfaces; too high can cause scaling. Pool companies use calcium chloride to adjust levels based on local water conditions.
7. Cyanuric Acid (Stabilizer)
In outdoor pools, chlorine breaks down quickly under UV light. Cyanuric acid (CYA) stabilizes chlorine to prevent rapid depletion. This is essential for pools exposed to direct sunlight.
Advanced Pool Cleaning and Maintenance Procedures
Beyond the weekly routine of skimming, vacuuming, and shocking, professional pool companies implement deeper maintenance services tailored to each pool’s size, usage, and condition.
1. Pool Vacuuming and Brushing
Even with automatic cleaners, manual brushing remains necessary. Pool professionals focus especially on corners, steps, and tile lines where algae and calcium buildup are more likely.
2. Water Testing and Chemistry Adjustment
Every visit normally includes water testing. Pool professionals may perform this on-site with test kits or take samples back to their lab for more accurate results. This allows them to fine-tune the chemical balance, which includes adjusting:
Key Water Parameters
| Parameter | Optimal Range | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| pH | 7.2 – 7.8 | Ensures sanitizer effectiveness, swimmer comfort |
| Total Alkalinity | 80 – 120 ppm | Stabilizes pH levels |
| Calcium Hardness | 200 – 400 ppm | Prevents corrosion or scaling |
| Chlorine | 1 – 3 ppm | Sanitizes water, kills pathogens |
3. Shocking and Superchlorination
Regular shocking is required to maintain water clarity and kill bacteria. While residential pool owners might neglect this step, pool companies implement a weekly or biweekly shock schedule, especially during high-use seasons.
4. Filter Maintenance and Cleaning
The filter is often called the heart of the pool system. Pool professionals clean and backwash filters regularly, using appropriate chemicals to remove oils, lotions, and other residues that standard rinsing might miss.
5. Tile and Surface Cleaning
The tile line and pool surfaces can accumulate scum, algae, and calcium scale. Pool service technicians use tile brushes and specific cleaning agents to scrub away buildup and restore a clean, polished appearance.
6. Pump and Equipment Checks
Pool companies also inspect and maintain mechanical components. They check the pump, heater, chlorinator (if applicable), and check for leaks or wear. Keeping these systems in peak condition ensures energy efficiency and extends the lifespan of pool equipment.
Additional Services Offered by Pool Maintenance Companies
Beyond basic cleaning and chemical balancing, professional pool companies often offer a suite of additional services that ensure long-term performance and beauty.
1. Pool Opening and Closing
Each season, pools need to be properly prepared. Pool companies handle the opening at the start of summer and closing at the end, including winterizing procedures for colder climates.
2. Leak Detection and Repairs
Leak detection requires expertise and the right tools. Companies often perform pressure tests or use dye kits to identify the source of water loss, a service most homeowners are not equipped to handle.
3. Equipment Replacement and Upgrades
Over time, pool equipment wears out or becomes inefficient. Pool companies offer equipment replacement services, from filters and pumps to heaters and automation systems.
4. Pool Renovations and Resurfacing
If your pool has cracks, faded plaster, or outdated aesthetics, a professional company might also assist with renovations. Options include retiling, replastering, or even changing the entire pool design.
5. Automation and Smart Pool Systems
Modern pool companies are also introducing smart technology services. These include automation systems that allow for remote monitoring and control of pool pumps, heaters, and even chemical dosers.
Choosing the Right Pool Company for Your Needs
With so many companies out there, choosing the right one can be daunting. Here’s how to make a smart selection:
1. Check for Licensing and Certifications
Ensure the company has the proper licenses to operate in your area and that their technicians are certified by organizations like PHTA (Pool & Hot Tub Alliance).
2. Read Reviews and Ask for References
Customer feedback is invaluable. Look for reviews on sites like Google, Yelp, and BBB, or ask the company to provide references from similar pools.
3. Review the Services Offered
Different companies have different specialties. One might excel in automated systems, while another has strong chemical balancing skills. Match their offerings to your needs.
4. Evaluate Cleanliness and Professionalism
Pay attention to how the company conducts themselves during initial visits. Are they punctual? Do they wear uniforms or display company logos? Cleanliness in their operations reflects their service to your pool.
5. Consider Service Plans and Customization
Some companies charge per visit, while others offer weekly, biweekly, or monthly plans. Ask if services can be tailored to your pool’s specific size, usage, and location.
Conclusion: Maintaining Your Pool with Professional Expertise
Maintaining a clean and healthy swimming pool isn’t just about putting chlorine in the water—it’s a complex task that requires knowledge, tools, and consistent attention. Pool companies use a combination of advanced tools, chemicals, and maintenance procedures to keep your pool in top form throughout the season. Whether you’re looking for regular cleaning, chemical balancing, or equipment repairs, working with a professional ensures your pool remains a safe and enjoyable place for your family and guests.
Understanding what pool companies use to clean pools helps you appreciate the science behind their work. By staying informed and choosing a reputable service, you can enjoy crystal clear water without the hassle of doing it all yourself. So next time you dive into a sparkling clean pool, remember the dedicated care and professional expertise that made it possible.
What chemicals do pool companies typically use for cleaning pools?
Pool companies commonly use a variety of chemicals to maintain clean and safe swimming pools. The most essential of these include chlorine, which is used to disinfect the water and kill bacteria and algae. Other common chemicals are bromine (often used as an alternative to chlorine), algaecides to prevent and eliminate algae growth, pH balancers like muriatic acid and sodium carbonate to maintain proper water balance, and shock treatments that provide a high dose of chlorine or non-chlorine oxidizers to quickly sanitize the water.
In addition to these, pool companies may also use clarifiers to help filter out tiny particles that cloud the water, as well as calcium hardness increasers to prevent water from becoming corrosive. The selection and amount of chemicals used can vary depending on the type of pool (saltwater vs. traditional chlorine pools), the local water supply, and the bather load. A professional pool service carefully measures and adjusts chemical levels to ensure safe, clear, and comfortable swimming conditions.
How do pool companies test and balance pool water?
Pool companies use a combination of test kits and digital testers to analyze the chemical composition of the pool water. Common tools include test strips that change color based on chemical levels and drop-based test kits that provide more precise readings. These tools measure key parameters such as pH, chlorine or bromine levels, alkalinity, calcium hardness, and cyanuric acid, which stabilizes chlorine and prevents it from breaking down too quickly in sunlight.
After testing, pool technicians adjust chemical levels as needed to maintain the ideal balance. For example, if the pH level is too high, they may add an acid like muriatic acid to bring it down. Conversely, if the pH is too low, they may use a pH increaser. Balancing these levels is crucial for ensuring swimmer comfort, preventing damage to pool equipment, and maximizing the effectiveness of sanitation chemicals.
Do pool companies use robotic cleaners or manual cleaning methods?
Many pool companies use a mix of both robotic pool cleaners and traditional manual methods, depending on the size of the pool, its condition, and client preference. Robotic cleaners are autonomous devices that scrub the pool floor and walls, vacuum debris, and filter contaminants through an onboard filtration system. These cleaners are efficient, energy-saving, and reduce the need for manual labor, making them increasingly popular among professional services.
However, manual cleaning methods are still widely used, especially for pools that require more detailed attention or have significant debris buildup. Technicians use tools such as leaf nets to skim the water surface, brushes to scrub tiles and walls, and vacuum systems connected to the pool’s filtration unit. Combining both automated and manual approaches allows pool companies to provide thorough cleaning while improving long-term efficiency and maintenance.
Why is filtration important in pool maintenance, and what types do pool companies use?
Filtration is a critical component of pool maintenance because it removes dirt, debris, microorganisms, and other contaminants from the water, ensuring it remains clean and safe for swimmers. The filtration system works in tandem with chemical treatments to maintain water clarity and hygiene. Pool companies emphasize proper filtration to prevent cloudy water, reduce chemical consumption, and prolong the life of the pool equipment.
There are three main types of filters used by pool companies: sand filters, cartridge filters, and diatomaceous earth (DE) filters. Sand filters use sand media to trap debris and are known for their ease of maintenance and long lifespan. Cartridge filters use pleated fabric elements to catch particles and generally offer finer filtration than sand filters. DE filters are the most efficient, capturing the smallest particles, but they require more meticulous maintenance and specialized handling of DE powder.
What is the process of shocking a pool, and why do pool companies do it?
Shocking a pool involves adding a high dose of chlorine or a non-chlorine oxidizer to the water to destroy built-up contaminants such as body oils, sweat, lotions, and chloramines, which are compounds that reduce chlorine’s effectiveness. Pool companies typically perform this process weekly or after heavy pool usage, parties, or periods of heavy rain. The shocking process “burns off” these impurities, restoring sanitizer effectiveness and ensuring cleaner, clearer water.
There are different types of pool shock available, including calcium hypochlorite, sodium dichlor, and potassium peroxymonosulfate (non-chlorine shock). The type used depends on the pool system and the specific needs of the water. Pool professionals also advise on safety intervals—how long to wait before swimming after application. Regular shocking is essential for maintaining high water quality and preventing unpleasant odors, eye irritation, and unsightly algae growth.
How do pool companies handle algae and bacterial growth?
Pool companies employ a combination of chemical treatments, physical cleaning, and preventive maintenance to combat algae and bacterial growth in pools. Algae are typically addressed with algaecides, which are chemical agents that target and kill various types of algae, followed by brushing and vacuuming the affected surfaces. Chlorine is also used at higher concentrations during shocking to eliminate resistant algae spores and ensure a sanitizing environment.
To prevent bacterial growth, pool services maintain proper chlorine levels and pH balance to create inhospitable conditions for harmful microorganisms. Regular testing and adjustment of sanitizer levels are essential for preventing contamination from swimmers, animals, and environmental exposure. In cases of suspected contamination, such as fecal incidents or widespread illness among swimmers, pool companies may perform hyperchlorination or recommend temporary pool closure until water quality is restored.
What equipment do pool service technicians bring to a maintenance session?
Pool service technicians come equipped with a variety of tools and equipment to ensure thorough pool maintenance during each visit. Essential tools include skimmers for removing debris from the water surface, brushes for scrubbing tile lines and pool walls, and vacuums that are often manually operated or attached to filtration systems. They also carry test kits or digital testers to measure chemical levels and ensure proper balance.
In addition, technicians bring chemical feeders, dosing pumps, and a supply of essential chemicals such as chlorine tablets, pH adjusters, and algaecides. They may also use pool robots or automated cleaners if scheduled for a more intensive clean. Tools like tile scrubbers, leaf rakes, and water levelers are also common to address specific maintenance issues. Pool companies ensure their technicians are well-prepared to tackle routine maintenance and minor repairs during each scheduled service visit.