Swimming pools are essential elements of recreational spaces, backyard retreats, and health-focused lifestyles. Whether you’re installing or renovating your pool, one of the most crucial elements to consider is access — and that’s where pool stairs come in. Pool stairs are not just functional; they play a vital role in safety, accessibility, and aesthetics. But what are pool stairs made of? This question is more complex and interesting than it may initially seem.
In this in-depth guide, we’ll explore the most common and emerging materials used to construct pool stairs, analyze their pros and cons, and offer insights into how you can choose the best option for your specific pool needs.
The Importance of Choosing the Right Material for Pool Stairs
Before we dive into the materials themselves, it’s important to understand why the material you choose for your pool stairs matters. Pool stairs are constantly exposed to water, UV radiation, chlorine, temperature fluctuations, and physical stress from frequent use. Therefore, the material must be durable, resistant to corrosion or degradation, lightweight enough for handling, and non-slip for safety.
Different pool types — in-ground, above-ground, fiberglass, concrete, and vinyl — also influence the kind of stairs that can be used. Material choice directly affects your stairs’ longevity, visual appeal, safety, and maintenance requirements.
Common Materials Used in Pool Stairs
Aluminum
One of the most common materials used in pool stairs is aluminum. Known for being lightweight yet strong, aluminum is ideal for both in-ground and above-ground pools. Moreover, it offers excellent resistance to corrosion, especially when it is anodized or coated with protective finishes.
- Durable and corrosion-resistant
- Lightweight for easy installation and removal
- Can be slippery when wet unless textured or coated
Aluminum pool stairs are often a go-to choice for public pools due to their strength and compliance with safety standards. They are typically powder-coated to provide better traction and a smoother aesthetic.
Steel
Although not as commonly used in residential pool applications, steel stairs are sometimes found in commercial or public pool settings. Steel is extremely strong, making it suitable for supporting heavy traffic. However, untreated steel is prone to rust when exposed to water and chlorine over long periods.
This has led to the development of powder-coated, galvanized, or stainless steel options that provide greater corrosion resistance.
Stainless steel pool stairs, in particular, are used in luxury and modern pool designs due to their sleek appearance and robust resistance to the harsh pool environment.
Plastic and Composite Materials
Plastic and composite materials — such as vinyl, resin, ABS plastic, or composite polymers — are increasingly popular choices, especially for above-ground pools. These materials are naturally resistant to rust, rot, and mildew, making them low-maintenance and ideal for outdoor use.
Here are some key features of plastic and composite materials used in pool stairs:
They are:
- Water-resistant: Do not rust or corrode
- Low-maintenance: Resist staining and most chemical exposures
- Aesthetic appeal: Can mimic wood texture or fit modern design themes
These materials come in various colors and finishes and often feature textured surfaces for enhanced traction. Some models integrate with foam covers or pool decks for a seamless look.
Wood
While less common today due to maintenance concerns, wooden pool stairs can still be found in some vintage pools or custom natural pool designs. Woods like teak, cedar, and pressure-treated lumber are typically used, prized for their warm look and natural resistance to moisture.
However, wood demands considerable upkeep including regular sealing and staining to prevent water damage, warping, and slip hazards. In addition, without pressure treatment or proper sealing, wood is more susceptible to mold and algae growth near water.
Emerging and Specialty Materials in Pool Stairs Design
As pool design continues to evolve, manufacturers have begun exploring niche materials that provide enhanced performance or visual appeal.
Stainless Steel
Although we briefly touched on this earlier, stainless steel pool stairs merit further attention due to their increasing popularity in upscale residential and commercial facilities. With finishes ranging from brushed to polished, stainless steel adds a modern, luxury look while being extremely resilient to chemicals, UV exposure, and moisture.
Advantages of stainless steel:
- Exceptional corrosion resistance
- Modern aesthetic suited to luxury pool designs
- Durable and long-lasting even under heavy use
Despite their benefits, stainless steel stairs tend to be more expensive than aluminum or plastic alternatives.
Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC)
In some custom in-ground pools, GFRC stairs are utilized. GFRC is a type of architectural concrete that is mixed with glass fibers to increase strength and reduce weight. These stairs can be custom-shaped, textured, or colored to blend perfectly with pool decks and surrounding structures.
While GFRC is not typically used for removable or portable stairs, it shines in permanent installations where aesthetics and blend with overall hardscaping matter most.
Innovative Composite Alloys and Coatings
Many manufacturers are now experimenting with composite metal alloys and enhanced coatings. Some stairs combine aluminum frames with textured polymer treads — blending the benefits of both strength and safety.
These hybrid options are gaining traction in markets where safety, lightweight construction, and durability all need to line up perfectly, especially in homes with elderly individuals or young children.
Structural Components of Pool Stairs
While material composition is key, it’s also important to understand what makes up a pool staircase. Most pool stairs feature the following four main components:
Stair Frame
This is the structural skeleton of the pool stairs. It supports the treads and connects to the pool deck or pool wall. The frame must be strong and resistant to weight, wear, and chemical reactions from pool water.
Treads
Treads are the horizontal surfaces you step on. These often include textured edges (like grooves or non-skid coatings) to prevent slips and falls. Treads can be made from a separate material (as in aluminum frames with composite treads) or the same material as the frame with non-skid texture applied.
Handrails (when applicable)
Handrails offer additional safety features and convenience, especially for older individuals or pools with deep entries. Handrails must also be corrosion resistant, whether made from similar materials as the frame or another coated material.
Anchoring System
The anchoring system determines whether the stairs are fixed, removable, or adjustable. Materials used for anchors must also be rust-resistant and able to withstand the forces of water and weather exposure.
Choosing the Right Material for Your Pool Stairs
When deciding what pool stairs are made of that will be best for your situation, consider the following factors:
Type of Pool
- Above-ground pools often use plastic or composite stairs for accessibility and ease of installation.
- In-ground pools can use any material depending on design, budget, and aesthetic — with stainless steel or aluminum being popular for modern builds.
- Saltwater pools need especially corrosion-resistant materials like stainless steel, aluminum, or high-grade polymers to prevent degradation.
Traffic Level and Use
Will the stairs be used by one or two people per day, or are they needed for a high-traffic community or commercial pool? If you’re designing for intensive use, prioritize durable and wear-resistant materials like stainless steel or commercial-grade aluminum.
Aesthetic Preferences
The appearance of the stairs can either enhance or compromise your pool’s design. Wooden stairs may suit a rustic backyard setting, while polished stainless or black aluminum might fit an ultra-modern minimalist environment.
Budget
Initial cost versus long-term maintenance expenses are key. Composite and plastic stairs may cost less upfront and over time, while stainless steel may have a high initial price but fewer repeat replacements.
Maintenance Requirements
Wood and untreated metal require more upkeep than plastic or coated metal stairs. If you want low-maintenance access, look for stairs made from synthetic polymers or coated metals.
Comparative Table: Pool Stair Materials at a Glance
| Material | Corrosion Resistance | Weight | Traction | Price Range | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminum | High | Light | Moderate (can improve via texturing) | $ – $$ | In-ground and above-ground pools; residential and commercial use |
| Stainless Steel | Very High | Moderate | High (with anti-slip treads) | $$ – $$$ | Luxury residential, high-end commercial pools |
| Plastic/Composites | Very High | Light | High | $ – $$ | Above-ground pools, home pools where aesthetics and safety matter |
| Wood | Moderate (with treatment) | Moderate | High (if textured) | $ – $$ | Vintage or rustic designs; only with consistent maintenance |
Safety and Compliance Features in Pool Stairs
Beyond the materials themselves, safety considerations are crucial. Pool stairs must meet specific standards for residential and commercial installations.
Non-slip Surfaces
Regardless of the material used, stairs must have a non-slip surface — usually in the form of textured treads, rubber edging, or coating. Materials like coated aluminum and composite treads perform this function well without excessive wear over time.
Child Safety Features
In homes with small children, pool stairs often need to be removable or have locking mechanisms. They must also feature treads spaced for short legs and avoid sharp edges.
ADA and Building Codes
In most locations, particularly those with public or residential pools used by rental tenants or visited by guests, stairs must conform to Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards. This may include grab bars, stable footing, and wide non-slip treads to accommodate a diversity of users.
Installation and Maintenance Considerations
Some materials are more DIY-friendly when it comes to installation, while others require professional help.
DIY-Friendly Options
Plastic and modular composite stairs are often the easiest for homeowners to install themselves. They frequently feature universal brackets, self-leveling frames, and no heavy lifting.
Professional Installation Requirements
Commercial stairs made of aluminum, steel, or integrated GFRC steps usually require professional installers due to the need for secure anchoring, compliance with building codes, and aesthetic installation.
Maintenance Needs
- Aluminum: Periodic cleaning and check-ups for coatings.
- Stainless Steel: Requires occasional polishing and debris removal.
- Plastic/Composites: Resistant to most chemicals; clean with soap and water.
- Wood: Semi-annual sealing and cleaning to prevent slipping or damage.
Where to Buy Pool Stairs and What to Look For
Pool stairs can be purchased from pool supply stores, online retailers, local hardware stores, or custom fabricators.
When shopping, look for:
- Industry certifications for commercial-grade use (if required)
- Anti-slip certified treads for safety
- Warranties on materials and finish durability
- Compatibility with your pool type and dimensions (e.g. depth of entry area)
In Conclusion: What Are Pool Stairs Made Of?
Pool stairs are made of an array of materials, each with unique advantages. The most common options include aluminum, stainless steel, plastic composites, and, occasionally, treated wood or concrete alternatives. When selecting pool stairs, consider your pool type, local climate, aesthetic preferences, safety requirements, and long-term maintenance goals.
Whether you’re looking for ultra-durable stainless steel for a saltwater pool, non-slip composites for your children’s backyard fun, or sleek aluminum for a modern luxury property, there’s a wide range of pool stair designs and materials suited to your needs.
Taking time to understand what pool stairs are made of will ensure both functionality and safety, preserving the longevity and enjoyment of your swimming area for years to come.
What materials are commonly used to make pool stairs?
Pool stairs are typically constructed from a variety of durable materials, each chosen for its strength, resistance to water, and aesthetic appeal. Common materials include stainless steel, which is favored for its corrosion resistance and longevity; aluminum, which is lightweight and rustproof; and vinyl, which is often used for above-ground pools due to its affordability and ease of installation. Additionally, concrete stairs are popular for in-ground pools, as they can be customized and integrated into the pool structure.
In recent years, composite materials and fiberglass have also gained popularity for pool stairs due to their durability and low maintenance requirements. These materials offer a blend of strength and corrosion resistance while still providing a visually appealing finish. Choosing the right material often depends on the type of pool, environmental conditions, budget, and the desired aesthetic outcome.
Are stainless steel pool stairs a good choice for saltwater pools?
Yes, stainless steel pool stairs are an excellent option for saltwater pools due to their high resistance to corrosion and rust. Specifically, grades like 316 stainless steel are recommended because they contain molybdenum, which enhances their ability to withstand harsh saline environments. This makes them a durable and long-lasting solution, even when exposed to chlorine and saltwater over time.
However, while stainless steel is corrosion-resistant, it is not entirely immune to damage. Proper installation and regular maintenance, such as rinsing with fresh water and checking for scratches or wear, are essential to prolong the life of the stairs. Additionally, the welding and finishing process must be of high quality to avoid weak points where corrosion could begin.
Why choose aluminum pool stairs?
Aluminum pool stairs are a popular choice due to their lightweight yet durable nature. They resist rust and corrosion, making them ideal for both freshwater and chlorinated pools. Aluminum stairs are also easy to install and can be used for both above-ground and in-ground pools depending on their design and reinforcement. Their versatility makes them a practical option for many homeowners.
Another advantage of aluminum stairs is that they can be powder-coated in a variety of colors to match the pool’s aesthetic or surrounding landscape. This added customization option, combined with their low maintenance needs, makes aluminum a preferred material for those seeking both functionality and visual appeal. However, it’s important to use marine-grade aluminum to ensure long-term durability.
Are vinyl pool stairs suitable for in-ground pools?
Vinyl pool stairs are typically best suited for above-ground pools due to their lower structural rigidity compared to materials like stainless steel or concrete. While they are affordable, lightweight, and resistant to corrosion, they may not provide the same level of durability and support needed for larger, in-ground pool applications, especially when placed underwater or under heavy use.
That said, some modern vinyl-covered stairs are designed for in-ground use, combining a vinyl exterior with a strong metal core for increased strength and stability. These hybrid models can offer a decorative, non-conductive, and corrosion-resistant solution for certain in-ground pool designs. Always check manufacturer guidelines and consult with a pool professional to determine suitability for your specific setup.
What are the benefits of concrete pool stairs?
Concrete pool stairs are highly durable and can be custom-shaped to fit any in-ground pool design. They are typically built during the pool construction phase and offer a seamless, elegant look that can be finished with tile, stone, or plaster to match the rest of the pool structure. Concrete stairs are also extremely sturdy and can support heavy use, making them ideal for families and public pools.
One of the main advantages of concrete stairs is their longevity — when properly constructed and maintained, they can last for decades without the need for replacement. While they may require more initial investment than other types of stairs, their integration into the overall pool structure provides both aesthetic and functional benefits that justify the cost for many homeowners and designers.
How do composite or fiberglass pool stairs perform in water environments?
Composite and fiberglass pool stairs perform exceptionally well in water environments due to their resistance to corrosion, rot, and ultraviolet degradation. These materials do not rust or corrode, making them ideal for both chlorine-treated and saltwater pools. Fiberglass stairs, in particular, are strong, durable, and often come pre-molded with slip-resistant surfaces, which enhances safety around wet pool areas.
In addition to their durability, composite and fiberglass stairs are relatively low maintenance and often lighter than metal stairs, simplifying installation. They can be made to mimic the look of wood or stone while eliminating the upkeep those materials require. These eco-friendly options are becoming increasingly popular in both residential and commercial pool settings.
What design considerations should I keep in mind when choosing pool stairs?
When choosing pool stairs, it’s important to consider the pool type, intended usage, safety, and aesthetics. The stairs must be appropriately sized and placed to ensure easy access and exit, particularly for those with limited mobility. Steps should be non-slip and configured in a way that complements the pool’s construction and the surrounding environment.
Designers and homeowners should also factor in local building codes and accessibility standards, especially if the pool will accommodate children or elderly individuals. The choice of material must align with the climate and chemical exposure of the pool, and the stairs should blend visually with other pool features. Collaborating with a professional pool builder or designer ensures that all design elements are properly addressed for both function and style.