Draining water from your pool might seem like a straightforward task, but it involves several important considerations to ensure the process is done safely and effectively. Whether you’re preparing for winter, fixing structural issues, or cleaning your pool, knowing how to drain water from your pool correctly is essential for protecting your investment and complying with local regulations. This article will walk you through everything you need to know about draining your pool, including the reasons for doing so, the different methods available, and best practices for safe water disposal.
Understanding Why You Need to Drain Your Pool
Before diving into the how-to, it’s important to understand why you might need to drain water from your pool in the first place. Depending on your situation, draining can help address various pool-related issues:
1. Seasonal Pool Closure (Winterization)
In colder climates, draining water from your pool is a critical step in winterizing it. Reducing the water level prevents ice expansion and protects the pool structure, plumbing, and surface from damage. Proper water removal ensures your pool remains in good condition during the off-season.
2. Repairs and Maintenance
If your pool has cracks, leaks, or needs tile replacement, draining is often necessary to access affected areas properly. Attempting repairs without draining can lead to ineffective fixes and costly rework.
3. Water Quality Issues
Extremely high chemical levels, cloudy water, or persistent algae problems may require partial or full draining to reset the water chemistry. Sometimes, simply adding fresh water isn’t enough—draining and refilling is the solution.
4. Renovation or Surface Replacement
If you’re resurfacing your pool or planning major renovations, draining all the water is a standard prerequisite. This gives contractors proper access and ensures the safety and longevity of the new materials.
Important Factors to Consider Before Draining Your Pool
Draining water from your pool isn’t just about turning on a pump and watching the water disappear. There are several factors that impact the process:
1. Local Regulations and Permits
In many areas, there are strict municipal laws governing water drainage, especially concerning where the water can be discharged. Some cities require permits before draining, and others restrict draining due to environmental or wastewater concerns. Always check with your local government before starting the draining process.
2. Groundwater Levels
One of the most overlooked dangers of draining your pool is hydrostatic pressure caused by groundwater pushing upward. If the water table in your area is high, an empty pool can be forced upward—a phenomenon known as “floating.” To prevent this, many experts recommend draining only partially or consulting a professional if you’re unsure.
3. Pool Type and Material
Different types of pools—concrete, vinyl liner, fiberglass—require different approaches when it comes to draining:
- Concrete pools can handle full draining but require proper winterization and sometimes even an anti-frost cover if left empty for long periods.
- Vinyl liner pools are more delicate. Draining the entire pool can cause the liner to shrink or tear. It’s often safer to drain only below the skimmer and return jets.
- Fiberglass pools should not be completely drained unless necessary. The structure is designed to handle water pressure, and an empty fiberglass shell is vulnerable to damage from shifting soil or water table fluctuations.
4. Refilling Options
Before you drain, ensure you have a reliable water source to refill your pool afterward. Municipal water can be expensive, and in drought-prone areas, restrictions may apply. Some pool owners use well water or rainwater collection for refilling, depending on availability and local laws.
How to Drain Water from Your Pool: A Step-by-Step Guide
Now that you understand the key considerations, let’s move on to the draining process itself. Here’s a systematic and detailed guide on how to drain water from your pool safely and effectively:
Step 1: Test and Record Chemistry Levels
Before letting the water go, test your pool water for chlorine, pH, salinity, and other chemical levels. Some local ordinances may require you to neutralize or dilute chemicals before draining to ensure the water is safe for discharge.
Step 2: Choose the Right Draining Method
There are four primary methods for draining a pool:
- Using the pool pump and filter to backwash water out
- Using a submersible water pump
- Using a manual or automatic sump pump
- Using a garden hose for gravity drainage (slow and only partially effective)
Each method has pros and cons depending on your situation, which we’ll explore in the next section.
Step 3: Locate a Safe Drainage Point
Ensure the water flows to a permissible area where it won’t damage your property or violate local ordinances. Avoid discharging water into sewage systems or storm drains without proper authorization. A permeable surface like landscaping, lawn, or a dry well is generally the best option.
Step 4: Connect and Set Up Pump or Drainage Equipment
Attach hoses and position the pumps such that water flows in the intended direction without backflow or siphoning issues. For best results:
- Keep the drainage hose as straight as possible, free of kinks.
- Use heavy-duty hoses that can handle high water pressure and long-term use.
- Position the pump as close to the lowest point of the pool as possible.
Step 5: Begin Draining and Monitor Continuously
Monitor the process to prevent over-draining, property damage, or pump damage. If the pump runs dry too long, it may overheat or malfunction. Also, continue checking the water level if you’re draining manually or using pool equipment.
Step 6: Stop Draining at the Appropriate Level
Draining all the way to the bottom is risky for most pool types. If you’re winterizing the pool, it’s best to only drain to just below the skimmer and return lines. For repairs or resurfacing, consult a professional to determine the lowest safe level.
Step 7: Clean and Prepare for Refill or Closure
After draining to the desired level, clean the pool shell thoroughly. Remove debris, scrub the surfaces if needed, and perform any necessary repairs before refilling or closing for the winter.
Choosing the Right Pool Draining Method
The method you choose to drain your pool impacts both time and efficiency. Let’s explore the pros and cons of each method and when they should be used.
1. Using the Pool Pump and Backwash Function
How it works:
If your pool filter has a multi-port valve, you can switch it to the “Backwash” setting, which directs water out of the “Waste” line. This bypasses the filter and sends water directly to the waste line.
Pros:
- No extra equipment is needed if your system supports waste line drainage.
- Safe for controlled partial draining.
Cons:
- May discharge water too close to the house or delicate landscaping if the waste line isn’t extended.
- Not ideal for large water volumes or complete drainage.
Best when:
You need to lower the water level slightly for pool winterization or refilling after chemical imbalance.
2. Submersible Pump
How it works:
A portable pump is placed directly in the pool water and pumps it out through a connected hose. These are ideal for pools without backwash access or for complete draining.
Pros:
- Fast and efficient for large volumes.
- Can be used for both partial and full draining.
Cons:
- Requires purchasing or renting a pump, which can be costly.
- Risk of overheating if left unattended.
Best when:
You need to fully or mostly empty a pool for repairs or renovation.
3. Sump Pump
How it works:
Similar to a submersible pump, but typically used for removing water from basements or crawl spaces. It’s also effective for draining pools.
Pros:
- Powerful enough for large water volume drainage.
- Often more durable for long-term use.
Cons:
- Not specifically designed for pool water, so fine particles might wear down the pump over time.
- Larger and less portable than submersible models.
Best when:
You need a heavy-duty tool for draining and have access to a sump pump.
4. Gravity Drainage (Using Garden Hoses)
How it works:
A hose is used to siphon water out of the pool using gravity. It requires manually starting the flow and ensuring the hose outlet is lower than the water level.
Pros:
- No electricity required.
- Low cost if hoses are already available.
Cons:
- Extremely slow process.
- Requires near-constant supervision to maintain water flow.
Best when:
You only need to lower the water level slightly and time is not a constraint.
Tips for Safe and Legal Pool Water Disposal
After draining, your responsibilities don’t end there. You must dispose of the water correctly to avoid environmental or legal issues.
1. Check Local Regulations
Some municipalities have strict rules around pool water discharge, particularly if your pool uses chlorine or saltwater. Regulations may include:
- Requirements to reduce chlorine levels to 0.1 ppm or lower before drainage.
- Prohibitions against draining into storm drains or public waterways.
- Restrictions on how close water can be discharged to property lines or natural water sources.
2. Neutralize Chemically Treated Water
Chlorine, algaecides, and other chemicals can be harmful to plants, wildlife, and even your own lawn. Consider using dechlorination tablets or products like sodium thiosulfate to neutralize chlorine before draining.
3. Direct Water to Permeable Surfaces
Letting water flow over concrete or asphalt can cause flooding or erosion. Instead, direct it to lawns, gardens, or dry wells to allow for natural filtration and reduce runoff concerns.
4. Avoid Sewer Systems
In most locations, draining pool water into the sewer system is illegal or requires permission. This is because sewer systems process wastewater differently than stormwater, and pool water can overload treatment plants.
5. Consider Recycling Options
Some communities have water reclamation or recycling programs where pool water can be tested, treated, and repurposed. This helps conserve water and reduces strain on local utilities, especially in drought-prone areas.
Professional Help vs. DIY Pool Draining
While draining your own pool can save you money, there are some situations where you should call in a professional. Here’s when to do it yourself and when to hire an expert.
When to DIY
You’re comfortable with tools and equipment
If you’ve used a submersible pump before, understand how your pool system works, and have done basic maintenance like filter cleaning or winterization, you can likely handle draining on your own.
You only need a partial drain
Partial draining (to winterize or top off chemicals) is typically simple and low-risk. You may not need professional support, especially if you’ve done it before.
You’re aware of local laws and have a safe discharge point
If the discharge path is clear and legal, and you’re confident your water meets local discharge standards, DIY is a viable option.
When to Hire a Pool Professional
Complete pool draining is required
This includes situations like major repairs, resurfacing, or relocation. Professionals can assess structural risks, groundwater levels, and whether safe draining is even possible.
You’re unsure about groundwater risks
Especially in areas with high water tables, inexperienced draining can lead to the entire pool popping out of the ground. Pool technicians have the expertise to safely manage risks during complete draining.
You’re inexperienced and unsure how to start
DIY pool maintenance can be rewarding, but it can also be dangerous if done incorrectly. Professionals can guide you through safe practices and help with the heavy machinery involved.
Common Mistakes to Avoid When Draining Your Pool
To protect your investment and ensure a smooth process, here are the most common mistakes pool owners make when draining:
- Draining too quickly – Rapid drainage can stress the pool structure or cause mechanical issues with your drainage system.
- Leaving the pump unattended – Running a pump dry can lead to overheating and permanent damage.
- Draining into unsuitable areas – Discharging near driveways, gardens, or neighbor’s property can cause disputes or damage.
- Not checking water chemistry before disposal – Neglecting to neutralize chemicals can harm the environment and violate local laws.
- Ignoring groundwater levels – Failing to account for rising water tables can cause your pool to lift out of the ground.
Avoiding these issues ensures that your draining process is not only successful but also safe and compliant.
Final Thoughts: Draining Your Pool Safely and Responsibly
Learning how to drain water from your pool is a valuable skill for any pool owner. Whether you’re preparing for seasonal changes, fixing structural issues, or giving your pool a chemical reset, understanding the proper techniques ensures the job is done right.
By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can confidently approach pool draining with a plan, the right tools, and awareness of any legal requirements. Most importantly, remember to never rush the process and to consult the experts when in doubt—especially when dealing with complete pool drainage or unfamiliar systems.
Now that you know the ins and outs of draining your pool, you’re ready to tackle this critical maintenance task with confidence and care. With the proper precautions, your pool will remain a beautiful and functional part of your outdoor space for years to come.
Why is it important to safely drain water from my pool?
Draining pool water improperly can lead to serious consequences, including environmental damage, property issues, and potential legal liabilities. Pool water often contains chlorine, salt, and other chemicals that can harm local waterways, aquatic life, and vegetation if released without proper treatment. Additionally, draining large volumes of water near your home’s foundation can cause structural damage due to soil erosion or water infiltration.
To avoid these risks, it is essential to follow local regulations regarding pool water discharge and take steps to neutralize harmful chemicals before draining. Testing the water and allowing it to dechlorinate naturally or using chemical neutralizers can significantly reduce environmental impact. Safely draining your pool helps protect the surrounding ecosystem and ensures that your property and neighboring areas remain undamaged during the process.
What are the best methods to dechlorinate pool water before draining?
Before draining pool water, it’s crucial to reduce the chlorine levels to a point where it’s safe for the environment. One of the most natural methods is to stop adding chlorine and allow the existing chlorine to dissipate naturally through exposure to sunlight over several days. This method requires careful timing and monitoring to ensure chlorine levels drop below 0.1 ppm, which is typically considered safe for discharge in many regions.
Alternatively, you can use chemical dechlorination products such as sodium thiosulfate or specialized neutralizing agents designed for draining pools. These products react with chlorine and chloramines, rendering them harmless almost instantly. When using chemicals, it’s important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions precisely and test the water afterward to confirm chlorine levels are safe. Both methods are effective but choosing one depends on your time constraints and local regulatory requirements.
Can I drain my pool water into the street or storm drain?
In most cases, draining pool water into the street or storm drain is not advisable or legal. Storm drains typically lead directly to local waterways without going through a treatment process, meaning contaminated pool water can harm aquatic ecosystems. Municipal regulations often prohibit the discharge of chlorinated or saltwater into storm sewers without prior treatment, and violating these laws can result in fines or other penalties.
If you’re considering using a storm drain, it’s essential to confirm your local water authority’s regulations and obtain necessary permits. Even if you’ve dechlorinated the water, high volumes of discharge can still affect roadside vegetation and public infrastructure. The safest practice is to drain onto your lawn or into a sanitary sewer line with permission, ensuring minimal environmental impact and compliance with local ordinances.
How can I drain my pool if it’s saltwater?
Saltwater pools require special care when draining because discharging salt into the environment can damage soil, plants, and freshwater ecosystems. The most important step is to ensure the water is first properly dechlorinated, just like with traditional chlorine pools. However, salt removal isn’t as simple—salt cannot be easily neutralized or removed without specific equipment such as a reverse osmosis system, which may not be practical for most homeowners.
If you’re draining your saltwater pool, choose a location far from plants, grass, or storm drains where the salt can dissipate slowly into the soil. Draining into the sanitary sewer system is usually the preferred method if permitted by your local municipality. Check your local wastewater regulations and contact your local utility company before proceeding. Proper planning and location selection can minimize long-term damage to your yard and surrounding environment.
What type of pump should I use to drain my pool?
When it comes to draining a pool, using the right pump is essential for efficiency and safety. A submersible pump or a dewatering pump specifically designed for removing large volumes of water is the best option. These pumps operate faster and more efficiently than garden hoses and reduce the risk of water runoff accumulating in unwanted areas. Make sure the pump is rated for the volume of water you need to remove and always follow the manufacturer’s safety guidelines.
Additionally, it’s important to direct the pump discharge properly, using hoses to channel the water where it won’t cause damage. Never leave the discharge hose unattended during the process, and monitor the water level to avoid running the pump dry, which can damage the motor. Using a pump equipped with a filter system or connected to a neutralizing filter can also enhance environmental protection, especially if the water still contains traces of chemicals.
How long does it take to drain a pool?
The time it takes to drain a pool varies depending on the size of the pool and the type of pump being used. For example, a standard 20,000-gallon in-ground pool can take 8 to 14 hours to fully drain with a powerful submersible pump that can move 2,500 gallons per hour. Smaller pools or using a less powerful pump will extend this time, sometimes significantly. It’s important to plan ahead and begin the process early if you have tight time constraints or scheduled maintenance.
Weather conditions, pump placement, and water disposal location can also impact drainage time. If the discharge hose must travel a long distance or uphill, this will slow the process and may require a more powerful pump. Always monitor the operation and consider running the pump continuously until the job is done, ensuring no overflow or spillage occurs. If you’re unsure of how long it will take, consult a professional to help estimate time and equipment needs based on your specific setup.
Can I partially drain my pool instead of completely emptying it?
Yes, in many cases you can partially drain your pool instead of completely emptying it, especially if you’re addressing specific maintenance issues like vacuuming debris, adjusting water levels, or adding chemicals. Partial drainage is quicker, requires less water replacement, and can help maintain structural balance, which is especially important for in-ground pools. Reducing the water level slightly can also aid in cleaning the tile line or performing repairs on the upper sections of the pool walls.
However, it’s important not to drain more than one-third of the pool at a time unless the manufacturer’s guidelines or a professional advises otherwise. Excessive partial draining can still pose risks in areas with high groundwater, as the pool may float out of place. Always keep safety and structural integrity in mind, and consult a professional if you’re uncertain how much to drain for your specific situation. Using a pump, garden hose, or automatic pool cleaner with a drainage setting can help you control how much water is removed effectively.