Swimming pools are a popular feature in residential and commercial settings, offering both enjoyment and a way to beat the summer heat. However, when it comes time to clean, service, or completely drain a pool, many homeowners and property managers are left with an important question: Do pool drains go to sewer? The answer to this question isn’t as simple as it seems, and it involves understanding local plumbing systems, environmental regulations, and the various methods used to dispose of pool water.
In this detailed article, we’ll explore the types of pool drainage systems, how they work, and whether or not they empty into the sewer. We’ll also cover local regulations, environmental impacts, and alternative drainage solutions to help you make informed decisions about your pool maintenance.
Understanding Pool Drainage: The Different Drain Types
Before we can determine where your pool water goes once drained, it’s crucial to understand the different types of drains involved in a pool system.
Main Drain
The main drain, typically located at the deepest part of the pool floor, serves as the first step in the water circulation system. When the pool pump is running, it pulls water through the main drain, which is then filtered and chemically treated before being returned to the pool through the jets.
This drain is essential for circulation but is not connected directly to the sewer or any external discharge system. Its primary role is part of the mechanical filtration and recirculation loop.
Skimmer Drain
The skimmer drain, or simply the skimmer, sits at the waterline and collects floating debris like leaves, bugs, and oil. It also helps circulate water and plays a part in maintaining water level stability.
Again, the skimmer is part of the recirculation system and does not channel water to the sewer. However, when it comes to actively draining the pool, pool owners often use the skimmer as an access point for connecting pumps and hoses.
Draining a Pool: Methods and Where the Water Goes
When a significant amount of water needs to be removed—whether for winterization, repairs, or cleaning—a pool must be drained using a submersible or sump pump. From there, the water’s destination depends on several key factors.
1. Utility Connections on Your Property
In some cases, properties may have a designated drainage line or a dry well system to dispose of excess water. A dry well is a structure that allows water to slowly percolate into the ground and is acceptable in areas with well-draining soil.
But for larger volumes of water, especially chlorinated pool water, environmental regulations may restrict direct discharge into storm drains or groundwater.
2. Connection to Sanitary Sewer Lines
Now, to the central question: Do pool drains go to the sewer?
In most standard residential pool setups, there is no direct connection between pool drains and the sewer system. Pool water is part of a closed-loop system, which means it’s filtered, treated, and reused rather than being discharged into sewers.
However, when it comes to actively draining the pool, some people may connect their submersible pumps to a sump pump or French drain system, which could potentially connect to a house’s sanitary or storm sewer system, depending on the property’s layout.
Sanitary Sewer: Designed to carry wastewater from homes (toilets, sinks, showers) to a treatment facility.
Storm Sewer: Carries rainwater and surface runoff directly to nearby water bodies, without treatment.
It’s important to note that chlorinated water should not be sent into storm sewers, as it can harm aquatic ecosystems.
3. Local Ordinances and Regulations
Most municipalities strictly regulate where and how pool water can be discharged. Some prohibit discharging into the sewer at all due to:
- Potential overloading of the public sewer system
- Concerns about chemical content in the water
- Risk of infrastructure damage
Before draining your pool, you must contact your local utility department or municipal authority to understand the rules and obtain any required permits.
Is It Safe to Drain Pool Water into the Sewer?
Draining pool water into the sewer is occasionally permissible, but it’s not always safe or advisable. Let’s break down the different factors.
Chemical Composition of Pool Water
Pool water contains chlorine, bromine, algaecides, and other disinfectants, which can inhibit necessary bacterial processes in wastewater treatment systems and damage sewer infrastructure.
Many municipalities require that the chlorine level be below 0.1 ppm (parts per million) before any pool water is discharged to the sewer or public drainage system.
Flow Rate and Volume
A typical in-ground pool contains 20,000 to 30,000 gallons of water. Even with treatment, large volumes of water can overwhelm the sanitary sewer system, leading to:
- Sewer backups in homes
- Municipal fines
- Environmental violations
Septic Systems vs. Municipal Sewers
If you have a septic tank, draining a pool directly into the sewer could overload the tank and leach field, potentially causing:
- System failure
- Contamination of groundwater
- Costly repairs
However, if you are on a municipal sewer system and have obtained proper permission, you may be allowed to discharge pool water. Always confirm local guidelines before proceeding.
Alternative Drainage Solutions for Pool Water
Since discharging pool water improperly can lead to legal consequences and environmental harm, consider alternative drainage techniques that comply with local regulations and promote sustainability.
1. Backyard Percolation (Dry Wells or Lawn Discharge)
If your yard has well-draining soil and space, letting pool water slowly drain into your lawn or a dry well can be effective. However, chlorine levels must be neutralized first to prevent damage to vegetation and local wildlife.
2. Water Reclamation Units
Some professional pool services use mobile water reclamation units that filter and neutralize pool water on-site for reuse or safe discharge. This reduces both environmental impact and water usage.
3. Evaporation Systems
In hotter, drier climates, pool covers or dedicated evaporation systems can help reduce water levels naturally over time without pumping or draining.
Practical Guide to Draining Your Pool Safely
Before draining your pool, always follow this checklist:
Step 1: Test Chlorine Levels
Use a reliable pool test kit to ensure your water has less than 0.1 ppm of chlorine.
Step 2: Neutralize Chlorine if Necessary
Add a chlorine neutralizer like sodium thiosulfate to ensure the water is safe for discharge.
Step 3: Contact Local Authorities
Check local drain codes and ask whether you can legally:
- Discharge into the storm drain
- Connect to the sewer
- Use a dry well
Step 4: Use the Correct Equipment
Use a submersible pump rated for high-volume, long-term use. Avoid pumps that could contaminate water with oil or gasoline.
Step 5: Monitor Discharge Area
Ensure water is evenly distributed to avoid erosion, flooding, or damage to nearby structures.
Environmental Concerns and Best Practices
While draining your pool may seem like a simple, short-term task, it can have long-term environmental consequences, especially when done incorrectly.
Chemical Impact on Local Waterways
Pool water that enters storm drains often ends up in local rivers, lakes, or coastal waters—all of which are home to aquatic life and vegetation. High chlorine levels can be toxic and disrupt ecosystems.
Soil and Plant Health
Even minor amounts of chlorine can kill beneficial soil bacteria, vegetation, and microorganisms essential for healthy lawns and gardens. Untreated pool water on a lawn can lead to dead patches and reduced fertility.
Stormwater Regulations
In many areas, laws enforced by the Clean Water Act prohibit the illegal discharge of pollutants, including chlorinated water, into public waterways. Violations can result in:
- Hefty fines
- Environmental cleanup costs
- Legal proceedings
When You Should Call a Professional
While draining your pool yourself can save money, it’s often wise to consult or hire a professional pool service, especially in these scenarios:
Large Commercial Pools
Commercial pools, such as those in hotels or recreation centers, hold vast quantities of water. Improper draining or discharging can easily violate municipal codes and environmental laws.
Heavily Treated Swimming Pools
Pools treated with high chlorine levels, chemical algaecides, or metals present more risks during discharge. A professional understands how to neutralize and dispose of these safely.
When You’re Unsure of Local Regulations
Each city and county sets unique codes. A local pool professional can help you understand exactly what is allowed in your area.
Summary Table: Where Pool Water Can Be Drained
| Drainage Location | Notes | Typical Restrictions |
|---|---|---|
| Dry well or yard soil | Can be effective if soil is well draining and vegetation is protected. | Chlorine levels must be neutralized; avoid saturated ground. |
| Storm sewer | Often prohibited due to environmental concerns. | Not allowed in many areas if chlorine or metals are present. |
| Sanitary sewer | A possible option with municipal permission. | Must be chemically safe and with approved permit. |
| Septic system | Can cause system failure if too much water is dumped at once. | Not recommended for large pool volumes. |
Final Thoughts: Responsible Pool Draining Makes a Difference
The question “Do pool drains go to sewer?” highlights a broader issue of responsible water management and environmental stewardship. The good news is that with a little planning, it is possible to drain your pool safely while protecting your community and local environment.
By understanding how your pool drainage system works, testing and neutralizing chemicals, checking local codes, and using appropriate equipment, you can ensure that your pool maintenance practices are both legal and sustainable.
Key Takeaways
- Pool drains are part of a closed-loop circulation system, not connected directly to the sewer.
- Discharging pool water into the sewer may be allowed under certain conditions, but requires permission and proper chemical levels.
- Chlorinated water should never go into storm sewers or directly onto vegetation without neutralization.
- Local regulations can vary widely—always contact municipal authorities before draining.
Being informed and proactive ensures your pool remains a source of enjoyment, not a liability, for years to come.
Do pool drains go directly to the sewer system?
Pool drains typically do not go directly to the sewer system. In most residential pool setups, water from the pool is circulated through a filtration system and then returned to the pool. When the pool needs to be drained or backwashed, the water is usually directed to a designated waste line, which may connect to a nearby sewer line or a sump pit, depending on local plumbing codes and the pool’s design.
However, directly discharging pool water into the sewer is not always required or recommended. In many areas, local regulations govern where and how pool water can be discharged. Pool water often contains chemicals like chlorine or bromine, which can harm municipal wastewater treatment systems if introduced in large quantities. Before draining, it’s essential to check local codes and consider dechlorinating the water to ensure compliance and environmental safety.
What happens to the water from my pool drain?
When pool water is drained, it usually follows a path determined by the plumbing configuration and local regulations. The water may be sent through a backwash line to a dedicated sewer connection, a dry well, or a drainage area on the property, such as a storm drain or landscaped zone. The method used depends on the pool’s design and regional environmental guidelines.
Pool owners should avoid allowing chlorinated water to flow directly into the lawn, garden, or storm drains without prior treatment. Untreated pool water can damage plants, aquatic ecosystems, and local waterways. Ideally, the water should be tested and treated to remove harmful chemicals before disposal. Some areas require permits for large discharges, so it’s wise to consult a professional or local municipality for guidance.
Can I drain my pool into a regular sewer cleanout?
Draining a swimming pool into a sewer cleanout is sometimes possible, but it largely depends on local plumbing codes and the size of the cleanout pipe. Municipal regulations often restrict discharging large volumes of chemically treated water directly into the sewer to prevent overloading wastewater treatment systems. Always check with your local water authority or building department to confirm if this method is permitted.
If allowed, draining into a sewer cleanout should be done slowly to prevent backups or flooding. Use a submersible pump and attach it with a hose that fits securely into the cleanout. The drain water should have minimal chemical content—ideally, the chlorine level should be near zero. Never leave the process unattended, and consider hiring a professional if you’re unsure about local laws or the safest approach.
What are the risks of draining pool water into the sewer?
Draining large volumes of pool water into the sewer can overwhelm the municipal wastewater system, leading to surcharges, fines, or infrastructure damage. Pool water often contains chlorine, algaecides, and other chemicals that can disrupt the biological processes in wastewater treatment plants, particularly those treating water with beneficial bacteria. This can reduce the plant’s efficiency and lead to environmental issues downstream.
Another risk is the potential for sewer backups into your home or neighborhood. If a large discharge occurs during a heavy rainstorm or peak usage times, it might contribute to a system overload. Moreover, excessive water volume may exceed the sewer system’s capacity and cause localized flooding. To avoid these risks, always check with your local wastewater authority and consider dechlorinating the water or using an alternate discharge method if permitted.
How do I safely drain my pool without using the sewer?
Safely draining a pool without using the sewer involves directing water to an approved area like a storm drain, dry well, or landscaped zone—after proper treatment. Begin by testing the water for chlorine and pH levels. If chlorine concentration is high, use a chlorine neutralizer or allow the water to sit and dechlorinate naturally in sunlight for several days before draining.
Use a submersible pump or gravity-fed hose to discharge the water slowly and monitor the flow to prevent erosion or flooding. If discharging onto property, ensure it drains away from structures, plants, and bodies of water. Consider consulting with local authorities or a professional pool technician to ensure compliance with environmental and safety regulations while keeping your property and the surrounding areas protected.
Are there environmentally friendly ways to drain a pool?
Yes, there are environmentally friendly ways to drain a pool that minimize the risk of contaminating local waterways, harming plant life, or upsetting the balance of septic systems. One method is allowing the water to dechlorinate naturally by turning off the pool’s chemical supply and running the filter system until the chlorine level drops close to zero. Alternatively, pool owners can use chemical neutralizers to speed up the dechlorination process.
Once treated, the water can be slowly directed to vegetated areas or storm drains that don’t empty into sensitive aquatic habitats. Never discharge untreated water near streams, ponds, or drainage ditches. Some pool owners may also consider reusing the water for landscape irrigation if the chemical content is safe. Always follow local guidelines and consult the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or local municipal services when unsure.
What should I check before draining my pool into any drainage system?
Before draining your pool into any drainage system, it’s essential to test the water for chemical content such as chlorine, pH, and cyanuric acid. If the chlorine level is above 0.1 ppm or the pH is outside the range of 6.5 to 8.5, the water may need treatment before discharge. High chemical levels can harm aquatic life or interfere with local wastewater treatment systems.
Additionally, research and understand local code requirements regarding where and how pool water can be discharged. Property topography, drainage system types (sanitary vs. storm), and environmental protections will dictate appropriate discharge points. Ensure the drainage process is slow and controlled to prevent erosion or flooding. When in doubt, consult a pool professional or your local environmental protection agency for guidance and assistance.