If you’ve recently moved into a home with an old, neglected swimming pool, the idea of restoring it might seem daunting—but it’s entirely achievable with the right plan. Whether it’s murky water, crumbling tiles, or a broken filtration system, an unused pool can be revived and become a valuable feature in your backyard. Pool restoration is often far more cost-effective than removing the structure and building a new one from scratch.
In this comprehensive guide, we will walk you through everything you need to know on how to restore an old swimming pool step by step, ensuring your project is both environmentally responsible and cost-efficient.
Understanding the Scope of Pool Restoration
Before diving into physical work, it’s essential to understand the full scope of your pool restoration project. Older pools can differ significantly based on their construction and usage history. There are various types of in-ground and above-ground pools, including:
- Concrete (gunite or shotcrete)
- Fiberglass
- Vinyl liner
Each of these pool types requires different rehabilitation approaches. The extent of restoration largely depends on:
- The condition of the pool shell
- The plumbing and equipment (pumps, filter, heater)
- Surrounding deck or patio
- Signs of water contamination or algae growth
Evaluating these aspects upfront allows you to estimate the time, effort, and investment required. While some repairs may be DIY-friendly, others may require hiring a licensed pool contractor—especially when dealing with structural or electrical issues.
Step 1: Drain the Pool (If Necessary)
Why and When to Drain the Pool
Draining isn’t always required, especially for pools with minor algae blooms that can be treated chemically. However, complete draining is needed if:
- There are structural cracks in the pool shell.
- You’re re-coating or resurfacing concrete pools.
- Significant debris or hazardous materials (like old liner) need removal.
How to Safely Drain an In-Ground Pool
Before draining, check local regulations on water disposal—pool water often contains chemicals like chlorine and must be neutralized before release. Always test for groundwater pressure to prevent the risk of a “pop-out,” where the empty shell lifts due to underground water pressure.
A few important tips:
- Use a submersible pump to remove the water quickly.
- Monitor the pool’s level as it drains to prevent floatation damage.
- Drain slowly during hot weather to avoid thermal expansion issues in concrete pools.
Step 2: Inspect and Clean the Pool Structure
Assessing the Overall Condition
With the structure exposed, inspect:
- Cracks in concrete or gunite pools.
- Stains or damage to fiberglass shells.
- If the vinyl liner has tears or is out of track.
- Sidewall tile conditions and calcium buildup.
For concrete pools, even hairline cracks may allow water to seep and cause further structural damage. Engage a professional for a thorough assessment if in doubt.
Begin Surface Cleaning
Using a pressure washer with a minimum of 3,000 psi helps in efficiently washing away algae, calcium deposits, and grime. For hard-to-reach spots, brushes and manual scrubbing are effective, especially near steps, corners, and behind plumbing returns.
Ensure any organic matter (especially if the water was green or stagnant) is thoroughly removed to avoid unpleasant odors or continued contamination once refilled.
Step 3: Repair Structural Damage
For Concrete (Gunite or Shotcrete) Pools
Concrete pools are durable but not immune to cracks, especially from soil shifting or freeze-thaw cycles in colder climates. Repairs typically involve:
- Locating and marking all cracks using a crack injection tool or hammer testing.
- Chasing out cracks with a grinder to create a v-shaped groove for sealant.
- Using hydraulic cement or epoxy to fill and fortify the cracks.
- Applying a waterproofing layer over the entire shell surface, such as polyurethane-based coatings or cementitious membranes.
For Fiberglass Pools
Fiberglass pools can develop surface scratches or gelcoat damage over time. Repairs usually require:
- Cleaning the surface thoroughly to remove oils and debris.
- Filling gouges with fiberglass resin and hardener, sanding after curing.
- Reapplying a new layer of gelcoat and polishing to restore luster.
A professional should handle deep structural blisters or osmotic damage, which may require draining, sandblasting, and epoxy impregnation.
For Vinyl Liner Pools
If you find torn or significantly faded lining, consider replacing it altogether. Before installing a new liner:
- Remove the old liner carefully.
- Inspect the pool’s walls for bulges or uneven surfaces that may puncture the new liner.
- Make sure the steel or polymer wall supports are structurally sound and rust-free.
- Replace the base material (Verdite or foam cove) along the bottom where the liner rests.
Ensure the new liner matches the pool dimensions precisely for a tight, seamless fit.
Step 4: Resurface the Pool (If Necessary)
After repairs, resurfacing your pool can dramatically improve durability and aesthetics.
Top Materials for Pool Resurfacing
| Material | Lifespan | Cost Range | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plaster | 8–12 years | $3–$5/sq. ft. | Affordable and widely used | Requires more frequent maintenance |
| Aggregate (Quartz, Pebble Tec) | 15–20 years | $7–$15/sq. ft. | Durable and attractive | Has a textured finish that might be rough on bare feet |
| Tile | 25+ years | $15–$35/sq. ft. | Long-lasting and customizable | High cost and requires experienced labor |
| Fiberglass Coating | 10–20 years | $5–$10/sq. ft. | Resists algae and provides smooth texture | Less durable compared to other options |
When considering a pool resurfacing material, balance your budget, aesthetic preferences, and maintenance expectations.
Step 5: Restore Pool Equipment and Plumbing
Restoring your pool involves much more than repairing the structure—it also includes the mechanical systems.
Swimming Pool Pump
Check for:
- Leaks
- Unusual noises or vibrations
- Blocked impellers
If your pump is outdated or inefficient, replacing it with a variable-speed pump can save up to 90% in electricity costs over time.
Filter System
There are three common types: sand, cartridge, and diatomaceous earth (DE). Inspect for:
- Cracked media tanks
- Clogged filter elements
- Leaks in the lateral assembly for sand filters
Consider upgrading to a more efficient model if replacement parts are scarce or your energy consumption is high.
Heater and Chlorinator
For gas heaters, check for rust, thermostat performance, and the exchange coil. Saltwater chlorinators can corrode over time, so verify the cell operation and replace if calcified.
Plumbing Inspection
Inspect all the pipes and skimmer box junctions for leaks. If PVC piping is brittle, cracked, or leaking, it should be replaced using pool-safe primer and glue. Consider installing new PVC or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) lines for increased efficiency and longevity.
Step 6: Upgrade Electrical Components and Circuits
GFCI Outlets and Equipment Grounding
Electrical safety is non-negotiable, especially near water. Make sure all outlets are GFCI-protected. Additionally:
- Verify that lights and underwater fixtures are sealed and up to code.
- Check junction boxes for corrosion or moisture buildup.
If there’s exposed, frayed, or old wiring, always call in a licensed electrician. Most pool electrical systems must pass local codes and inspection before reuse.
Installing New Pool Lights
If your old lighting system is outdated or broken, consider upgrading to LED lights. Modern lighting:
- Uses less energy
- Offers a variety of color options
- Is more durable
Ensure all light fixtures are installed with pool-safe gaskets and wiring techniques.
Step 7: Refill and Balance the Water
Once all repairs, resurfacing, and system upgrades are complete, it’s time to refill the pool. Use a garden hose for small pools or hire a water delivery service for larger ones.
Balancing the Water Chemically
Proper water chemistry is critical to extend the life of your pool finish and equipment. Perform the following steps:
Water Test
Use test strips or a digital meter to determine:
- Chlorine levels (1–3 ppm)
- pH level (7.4–7.6)
- Total alkalinity (80–120 ppm)
Adjusting these metrics ensures comfortable swimming water and reduces maintenance needs.
Shocking the Pool
Use a calcium hypochlorite or dichlor type shock treatment to fully sanitize, especially during the initial fill.
Using Algaecide
Apply algaecide early to prevent algae bloom, particularly if the refill water comes from a slow municipal supply.
Circulation and Filtration Management
Run the pool pump for 8–12 hours daily to maintain proper water turnover. Clean or backwash the filter regularly, especially during the first few weeks post-restoration.
Step 8: Upgrade the Deck or Surrounding Area
While often overlooked, the pool deck contributes significantly to both safety and enjoyment. Damaged pavers, cracked concrete, or rotting wood near the pool can create slip hazards and degrade the pool’s appeal.
Options for Deck Resurfacing
- Pavers: These offer an easy-to-repair surface that’s slip-resistant and aesthetic.
- Concrete Overlays: Textured and stained, these resemble stone or brick and are budget-friendly.
- Tile: Porcelain or stone tiles provide luxury, but need careful installation.
- Wood or Composite: Natural but can splinter and require periodic sealing or replacement.
Ensure new decking includes necessary fall protection and accessible water entry points that comply with current safety standards.
Step 9: Final Touches – Pool Equipment, Accessories, and Maintenance Plan
Now that your pool is looking like new, you can invest in comfort and functionality.
Upgrade Safety Equipment
Incorporate:
- A pool safety fence or cover
- Non-slip mats and grab rails
- A life ring and first aid kit
Optional Additions to Enhance Enjoyment
- Automatic pool cleaner
- Portable or fixed ladders
- Poolside furniture and shade structure
- Smart controllers for automation of pumps and lighting
Develop a Maintenance Schedule
Regular maintenance includes:
- Skimming debris and brushing walls weekly
- Testing and adjusting chemical levels twice weekly
- Backwashing sand filters or deep cleaning cartridge filters once a month
Consider hiring a professional once or twice a season for deeper water tests or winterization.
Final Thoughts: Restore Your Old Pool with Confidence
Restoring an old swimming pool is a substantial but rewarding project that prolongs the life of existing infrastructure while providing you with a valuable backyard asset. By following each step methodically—from initial assessment and cleaning to repairs, resurfacing, and equipment restoration—you can bring an old pool back to full functionality without breaking the bank.
With the right planning and execution, an old pool can transform into a sparkling, modern oasis perfect for relaxation, exercise, or family fun. Before starting, always verify necessary permits, choose materials wisely, and prioritize safety and water balance. Whether you tackle this job yourself or hire professionals for technical tasks like resurfacing or plumbing, this guide provides a clear roadmap to help you succeed.
So, don’t let an old, unused pool be a liability. Restore it, enjoy it, and make it a central feature of your home once again.
What are the first steps to take when restoring an old swimming pool?
The initial steps in restoring an old swimming pool involve a thorough inspection and assessment of the pool’s current condition. Start by identifying the type of pool you have—whether it’s concrete, fiberglass, or vinyl-lined—as this will determine the restoration approach. Drain the pool completely if it’s filled with debris or contaminated water, but first ensure there are no underground water issues that could cause the pool to pop out of the ground during draining. Examine the structure for cracks, corrosion, and other signs of wear. This is also the time to check the surrounding deck and fencing for safety hazards.
Following the inspection, create a detailed restoration plan based on your findings and budget. Prioritize necessary repairs such as fixing plumbing leaks, replacing broken tiles, and repairing or resurfacing the pool shell. If the equipment is outdated or nonfunctional, research modern pumps, filters, and heating systems that would be a good match for your pool. Safety should be your top concern during this stage, so wear protective equipment when handling debris or old materials and consider hiring professionals for complex tasks like electrical repairs or gas line connections.
Is it necessary to replace the pool’s plumbing and filtration system during restoration?
In many cases, upgrading or replacing the pool’s plumbing and filtration system is highly advisable when restoring an older pool. Older systems may use outdated materials like PVC that have degraded over time or inefficient pumps that increase energy costs. Inspect the entire plumbing system for cracks, leaks, or corrosion and replace any sections that are compromised. Upgrading to newer, energy-efficient systems can improve filtration performance and lower maintenance costs.
Replacing the filtration system often involves choosing between sand, cartridge, or diatomaceous earth (DE) filters, each with its own advantages. A cartridge filter is easy to maintain and ideal for smaller pools, while a DE filter offers the finest filtration but requires more attention. Additionally, consider integrating a saltwater chlorination system if you prefer softer water and reduced chemical handling. Always ensure that the new system is compatible with your pool’s size and usage needs before installation.
How do I repair cracks and structural damage in an old concrete pool?
Repairing cracks and structural damage in a concrete pool requires careful preparation and the right materials. Start by draining the pool, cleaning the affected area thoroughly, and removing any loose concrete or old sealant. For minor cracks, use a concrete patching compound designed for underwater use. Before applying the patch, roughen the sides of the crack and make sure the surface is damp but free of standing water. Apply the compound with a trowel, smoothing it to match the surrounding surface.
For larger structural cracks or significant damage, it’s recommended to consult a professional. These issues may indicate problems with the pool’s foundation or ongoing ground movement that need expert evaluation. In some cases, reinforcing the structure or using hydraulic cement is necessary to ensure lasting repairs. Once repairs are complete, allow the material to cure for the recommended period and apply a waterproof sealer before refilling the pool. Always test for leaks once the pool is operational again.
What are the best pool surface options after restoration?
After restoring an old pool, homeowners have several surface options, each with distinct qualities in terms of durability, aesthetics, and maintenance. Plaster is a traditional and cost-effective finish that provides a smooth texture but may need resurfacing every 5 to 7 years. Pebble finishes are more expensive but highly durable and provide a natural, luxurious look. Epoxy coatings are another alternative, offering excellent resistance to staining and wear but are best suited for pools without structural damage.
Fiberglass and vinyl liners are also common resurfacing choices, especially in above-ground or older in-ground pools. Fiberglass requires minimal maintenance and lasts for many years, while vinyl is more affordable but requires replacement every 6 to 12 years. Consider factors like your local climate, water chemistry, and aesthetic preferences when choosing the ideal surface. It’s best to consult with a contractor to determine which surface option maximizes both longevity and visual appeal for your specific pool.
Can I restore an old pool myself or should I hire a professional?
While some aspects of pool restoration can be tackled as DIY projects, others require the expertise of a licensed professional. Tasks like cleaning, minor patching, replacing tiles, and updating pool equipment can often be handled by knowledgeable homeowners. However, major structural repairs, electrical work, and plumbing modifications often require licensed contractors due to the complexity and safety concerns involved.
Hiring a professional is especially recommended for inspecting the pool’s foundation, determining water balance after refilling, and ensuring the system meets local codes and safety standards. Professionals can also offer warranties for their work and help you avoid costly mistakes. If you choose a DIY route, be sure to extensively research each stage beforehand, invest in proper tools, and understand your limitations. A hybrid approach, where you complete cosmetic tasks and hire professionals for structural or mechanical work, can also be effective and cost-efficient.
How can I prevent future damage after restoring my old pool?
To prevent future damage after restoring your pool, it’s essential to establish a regular maintenance routine. Keep the water balanced by frequently testing pH, alkalinity, calcium hardness, and sanitizer levels. Properly balanced water prevents corrosion, scaling, and discomfort for swimmers. Also, clean the pool regularly by skimming debris, brushing walls and floor, and vacuuming to prevent buildup that can damage surfaces or clog equipment.
In addition to chemical and physical maintenance, winterize the pool properly if you live in a colder climate to prevent freezing-related damage. Inspect pumps, filters, and heaters seasonally for wear or leaks. Address signs of wear like small cracks or leaks immediately before they worsen. Installing a pool cover, using a reliable filtration system, and maintaining the surrounding deck can also extend the lifespan of the restoration work. Finally, educate yourself on basic troubleshooting to catch issues early.
How much does it typically cost to restore an old swimming pool?
Restoring an old swimming pool can vary significantly in cost depending on the pool’s size, condition, and the extent of the work required. On average, homeowners can expect to spend between $5,000 and $15,000 for a minor to moderate restoration project. This includes cleaning, replastering, replacing minor equipment like pumps and filters, and addressing small cracks or leaks. However, if your pool requires extensive structural repairs, such as major plumbing work or replacing the shell, costs can rise to $20,000 or more.
The cost can also depend on whether you choose to do much of the work yourself or hire professionals. DIY restoration can lower labor costs but may increase material expenses due to learning curves or trial and error. Other cost-influencing factors include the type of pool surface selected, whether you upgrade to energy-efficient systems, and the need for local permits or inspections. Before starting the project, get multiple quotes from contractors, research materials, and plan for unexpected costs to avoid budget overruns.