Protecting your sprinkler system from freezing temperatures is crucial for avoiding costly repairs in the spring. Water expands when it freezes, which can crack pipes, damage sprinkler heads, and even ruin backflow preventers. The most effective way to winterize your system is by blowing out the water using compressed air. This guide will walk you through each step of the process, ensuring your sprinkler system survives the winter unscathed.
Why Blowing Out Your Sprinkler System is Essential
Leaving water in your sprinkler system during freezing temperatures is a recipe for disaster. When water freezes, it expands by approximately 9%. This seemingly small expansion exerts tremendous pressure on the pipes and components of your system. This pressure can cause cracks, breaks, and complete system failure. Repairing or replacing a damaged sprinkler system can be expensive, time-consuming, and frustrating.
Preventing freeze damage is the primary reason for blowing out your sprinkler system. By removing the water, you eliminate the risk of expansion and subsequent damage. Other winterizing methods, such as draining the system, aren’t always sufficient, especially in areas with deep frost lines or systems with complex layouts. Residual water can still freeze and cause problems.
Proper winterization extends the lifespan of your sprinkler system. By diligently preparing your system for winter, you can avoid costly repairs and enjoy a functional system for years to come. Think of it as an investment in the long-term health and performance of your irrigation system.
Gathering Your Supplies: What You’ll Need
Before you start, it’s essential to gather all the necessary tools and equipment. Having everything on hand will streamline the process and prevent interruptions. Here’s a list of what you’ll need:
- Air Compressor: This is the heart of the operation. Choose a compressor with sufficient CFM (cubic feet per minute) for your system. The required CFM will depend on the size and complexity of your system. More on this later.
- Adapter: You’ll need an adapter to connect the air compressor hose to your sprinkler system’s blow-out connection. This is usually a quick-connect fitting.
- Safety Glasses: Protecting your eyes is paramount. Debris can be ejected from the sprinkler heads during the blow-out process.
- Wrench or Pliers: You might need these to tighten or loosen connections.
- Screwdriver: A screwdriver may be required to open or close valves.
- Timer or Watch: Timing each zone is important to prevent damage.
- Ear Protection: The air compressor can be quite loud.
- Flags or Markers (Optional): These can be used to mark any sprinkler heads that need special attention or are difficult to locate.
Air Compressor Selection: Choosing the right air compressor is critical for effective sprinkler blow-out. Undersized compressors won’t provide enough airflow, leaving water in the system. Oversized compressors, on the other hand, can generate too much pressure, potentially damaging the pipes and sprinkler heads. As a general guideline, for residential systems:
- Small Systems (4-6 zones): 20-30 CFM compressor
- Medium Systems (7-10 zones): 30-40 CFM compressor
- Large Systems (11+ zones): 40+ CFM compressor
Consult with a professional if you are unsure about the CFM requirements of your system.
Step-by-Step Guide to Blowing Out Your Sprinkler System
Now that you have your supplies ready, it’s time to start the blow-out process. Follow these steps carefully to ensure a thorough and safe winterization.
Step 1: Turn Off the Water Supply
The first and most crucial step is to shut off the main water supply to your sprinkler system. Locate the main shut-off valve, which is typically located in a utility room, basement, or outside in a valve box. Turn the valve clockwise to completely shut off the water flow. It’s a good idea to verify that the water is indeed off by running one of the sprinkler zones briefly. If no water comes out, you’ve successfully shut off the supply.
Step 2: Locate the Blow-Out Connection
Most sprinkler systems have a designated blow-out connection, which is usually a quick-connect fitting. This connection is typically located downstream of the backflow preventer. If you can’t find a dedicated blow-out connection, you can often connect to the system through the test port on the backflow preventer, the drain valve on the main line, or a sprinkler head riser after removing the head. Identifying the correct connection point is essential for efficient and effective blow-out. If unsure, consult your sprinkler system’s documentation or a professional.
Step 3: Connect the Air Compressor
Connect the air compressor hose to the blow-out connection using the appropriate adapter. Ensure the connection is secure and airtight to prevent air leaks. Air leaks can reduce the efficiency of the blow-out process and potentially damage the compressor. Before turning on the compressor, double-check all connections and ensure the area around the connection is clear of obstructions.
Step 4: Set the Air Compressor Pressure
This is a critical step. Never exceed 80 PSI (pounds per square inch) for residential sprinkler systems. Exceeding this pressure can damage pipes and sprinkler heads. For systems with PVC pipes, the maximum pressure should be even lower, around 50 PSI. Start with a lower pressure, around 30-40 PSI, and gradually increase it if needed. Monitor the pressure gauge on the compressor closely throughout the blow-out process.
Step 5: Blow Out Each Zone Individually
Open the valve for the first zone you want to blow out. Turn on the air compressor and allow it to run until a steady stream of air comes out of the sprinkler heads in that zone. You’ll initially see water sputtering and spraying from the heads, followed by a mist. Continue running the compressor until only a fine mist of air is coming out. Do not run the compressor on any zone for more than two minutes at a time. Excessive airflow can cause friction and heat, potentially damaging the pipes.
Repeat this process for each zone in your sprinkler system. Cycle through the zones at least twice to ensure all the water is removed. It’s crucial to blow out each zone individually for effective winterization.
Step 6: Special Considerations for Backflow Preventers
Backflow preventers are particularly vulnerable to freeze damage. Ensure you thoroughly drain or blow out the backflow preventer according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Many backflow preventers have test cocks or drain plugs that need to be opened to allow water to escape. Some models require specific procedures, so consult the manual for detailed instructions. Neglecting the backflow preventer can result in costly repairs or replacement.
Step 7: Disconnect the Air Compressor and Close Valves
Once you’ve blown out all the zones and addressed the backflow preventer, disconnect the air compressor from the system. Slowly release any remaining pressure in the compressor hose. Close all the zone valves manually. You can also leave the zone valves slightly open to allow for any residual water to drain during freeze-thaw cycles throughout the winter, but be sure to close them fully in the spring.
Step 8: Document and Inspect
After blowing out the system, take some time to document the process and inspect the components. Note the date you winterized the system and any observations you made during the blow-out process. Check for any signs of leaks or damage. Repair any minor issues before winter sets in. This documentation will be helpful when you reactivate the system in the spring.
Safety Precautions and Best Practices
Blowing out a sprinkler system involves compressed air, which can be dangerous if not handled properly. Here are some essential safety precautions and best practices:
- Always wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from debris.
- Never exceed the recommended pressure (80 PSI). Over-pressurizing the system can cause pipes to burst and sprinkler heads to explode.
- Do not stand directly over sprinkler heads while blowing out the system. Debris can be ejected with force.
- Limit the blow-out time for each zone to two minutes. Excessive airflow can damage the pipes.
- Consult a professional if you are unsure about any aspect of the blow-out process.
- Avoid using a gas-powered air compressor indoors.
- Clear the area of people and pets before starting the blow-out process.
- If you have drip irrigation zones, use lower pressure to avoid damaging the drip emitters.
- Check for any local regulations or guidelines regarding sprinkler system winterization.
- Consider professional winterization if you are not comfortable performing the task yourself or if your system is complex.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Even with careful preparation, you might encounter some issues during the blow-out process. Here are some common problems and their solutions:
- Weak Airflow: If the airflow is weak, check for air leaks in the connections. Ensure the air compressor is properly sized for your system. The compressor may be having a difficult time producing enough pressure and CFM.
- Water Still Coming Out: If water continues to come out of a zone after several minutes, there might be a low spot in the line. Try increasing the pressure slightly (within the safe limit) or running the zone for a longer period.
- Sprinkler Heads Popping Off: Reduce the pressure immediately. The pressure is too high. Ensure the system is not exceeding 80 PSI and lower if the piping material is PVC.
- Air Compressor Overheating: Allow the compressor to cool down before continuing. Check the compressor’s oil level and ensure the air filter is clean. The compressor might be undersized, causing it to overheat.
- Difficulty Locating Blow-Out Connection: Consult your system’s documentation or contact a professional. You can also try tracing the main water line from the backflow preventer to find the connection.
- Zone Valves Not Opening/Closing Properly: Check the valve diaphragms for damage. Clean or replace the diaphragms as needed. Ensure the solenoid is functioning correctly.
Alternative Winterization Methods
While blowing out the system with compressed air is the most effective method, there are alternative winterization methods that can be used in certain situations:
- Manual Draining: This involves opening all the drain valves in the system to allow water to escape. However, this method is not always sufficient, especially in areas with deep frost lines or systems with complex layouts.
- Gravity Draining: This method relies on gravity to drain the water from the system. It is typically used for systems with a significant slope.
These alternative methods are generally less effective than blowing out the system and should only be used in specific circumstances. They may not remove all the water from the system, leaving it vulnerable to freeze damage.
Maintaining Your Sprinkler System After Winterization
Winterizing your sprinkler system is just one part of ensuring its long-term health. Here are some tips for maintaining your system after winterization:
- Regularly Inspect the System: Check for any signs of damage or leaks.
- Clean Sprinkler Heads: Remove any debris or obstructions from the sprinkler heads.
- Adjust Sprinkler Head Coverage: Ensure the sprinkler heads are properly adjusted to provide adequate coverage.
- Monitor Water Pressure: Check the water pressure regularly to ensure it is within the optimal range.
- Prevent Backflow: Install and maintain a backflow preventer to protect your water supply from contamination.
- Keep Records: Maintain records of all maintenance and repairs performed on the system.
By following these tips, you can keep your sprinkler system in good condition and ensure it provides reliable irrigation for years to come. Remember, a well-maintained sprinkler system is an investment in the health and beauty of your landscape.
Reactivating Your Sprinkler System in the Spring
Once the threat of freezing temperatures has passed, it’s time to reactivate your sprinkler system. This process involves reversing the winterization steps and carefully inspecting the system for any damage that may have occurred during the winter.
- Slowly Open the Main Water Supply Valve: Open the main water supply valve gradually to avoid water hammer, which can damage the pipes.
- Inspect for Leaks: Check all the connections, valves, and sprinkler heads for leaks. Repair any leaks immediately.
- Test Each Zone: Run each zone individually to ensure it is functioning properly.
- Adjust Sprinkler Heads: Adjust the sprinkler heads to provide optimal coverage.
- Clean Filters: Clean the filters on the sprinkler heads and backflow preventer.
- Program the Controller: Reprogram the controller with your desired watering schedule.
By following these steps, you can successfully reactivate your sprinkler system and ensure it is ready to provide efficient and effective irrigation throughout the growing season.
Why is it important to blow out my sprinkler system before winter?
It is crucial to blow out your sprinkler system before freezing temperatures arrive to prevent damage to the pipes and sprinkler heads. Water left inside the system can freeze and expand, causing cracks and breaks in the pipes, which can be costly to repair. Ignoring this step can lead to significant water loss, landscape damage, and the need for extensive plumbing work in the spring.
Blowing out your system ensures that the water is removed, minimizing the risk of freezing and expanding water. Proper winterization through this process protects your investment and ensures your sprinkler system is ready for efficient operation in the spring, avoiding expensive repairs and headaches when the weather warms up.
What type of air compressor do I need to blow out my sprinkler system?
The size and type of air compressor needed depends on the size and complexity of your sprinkler system. A compressor capable of delivering 40-80 CFM (cubic feet per minute) is generally recommended for most residential systems. Using too much pressure can damage the sprinkler heads and pipes, so be mindful of the PSI (pounds per square inch) gauge on the compressor.
For smaller residential systems with only a few zones, a smaller compressor with a CFM around 20-30 might suffice. However, for larger systems with multiple zones and longer pipe runs, a more powerful compressor is necessary to effectively remove all the water. Always refer to your sprinkler system’s manual or consult with a professional for specific recommendations on air compressor requirements.
What is the proper PSI to use when blowing out my sprinkler system?
The recommended PSI for blowing out a sprinkler system typically ranges from 40 to 80 PSI. It’s essential to avoid exceeding this range as excessive pressure can damage the sprinkler heads, pipes, and other components of your system. Gradual increases in pressure are advisable, rather than starting with the maximum.
Starting with a lower PSI, around 40, and slowly increasing it until water is effectively being expelled from the sprinkler heads is a safe approach. Constant monitoring of the PSI gauge is crucial throughout the process. If you’re unsure, consulting with a professional landscaper or irrigation specialist is recommended to determine the appropriate PSI for your specific system.
How do I locate and access the main water supply valve for my sprinkler system?
The main water supply valve for your sprinkler system is typically located near your water meter, either inside your home or outdoors in an underground box. In colder climates, it’s often found inside to prevent freezing. Look for a valve with a handle or knob that controls the water flow specifically to the sprinkler system.
If the valve is located underground, the box is usually marked with a label or easily identifiable due to its proximity to the water meter. Once you’ve located the valve, ensure you have the necessary tools (such as a valve key or wrench) to turn it off. Consulting your home’s blueprints or contacting your local water utility company can also help in locating the main water supply valve.
What is the proper procedure for opening and closing the zone valves during the blow-out process?
When blowing out your sprinkler system, start by closing the main water supply valve to prevent water from entering the system. Then, gradually open each zone valve, one at a time, to allow the compressed air to push the water out through the sprinkler heads in that zone. Ensure that the air compressor is connected and running before opening the zone valve.
Once the water flow from a particular zone subsides and only air is coming out, close the zone valve. Repeat this process for each zone in your sprinkler system. It’s important to monitor the pressure gauge on the air compressor and avoid exceeding the recommended PSI. This systematic approach ensures each zone is properly cleared of water, minimizing the risk of freezing damage.
How long should I blow out each zone of my sprinkler system?
The duration for blowing out each zone depends on the size and complexity of the zone, but typically, you should blow out each zone for approximately 2 to 3 minutes. The goal is to remove all visible water from the sprinkler heads, so continue blowing until only a fine mist or air is being expelled. Avoid over-blowing the zones, as this can potentially damage the sprinkler heads and pipes.
Observe the water coming out of the sprinkler heads in each zone. Initially, there will be a significant amount of water, which will gradually decrease over time. Once the water turns into a fine mist and eventually just air, the zone is likely clear. Repeat this process for each zone in your system to ensure proper winterization.
What precautions should I take to ensure safety when blowing out my sprinkler system?
Safety is paramount when blowing out your sprinkler system. Always wear safety glasses or goggles to protect your eyes from debris and water that may be ejected from the sprinkler heads. Additionally, avoid standing directly in front of the sprinkler heads while the system is being blown out, as high-pressure air can propel objects with considerable force.
Furthermore, be mindful of the PSI on the air compressor and never exceed the recommended pressure for your sprinkler system. Using too much pressure can cause damage to the system and potentially cause injury. If you’re unsure about any part of the process, it’s best to consult with a professional or irrigation specialist for assistance.