Transforming your backyard into a refreshing retreat starts with the decision to build an inground pool. Known for their value, aesthetics, and long-term usability, inground pools offer something that above-ground options cannot—luxury, permanence, and unparalleled enjoyment. But while the final result may look effortless and elegant, the process of building an inground pool involves a precise series of steps, from design to finishing touches.
In this comprehensive guide, we walk you through every critical stage of inground pool construction, exploring the tools, planning strategies, construction phases, and design decisions that ensure a successful project.
Understanding the Concept and Value of Inground Pools
Before diving into the technicalities, it’s important to understand what sets inground pools apart. An inground pool is a structure sunk into the ground, surrounded by concrete, stone, tile, or decorative decking. These pools are typically permanent and customizable based on your property’s layout, style preferences, and budget.
Why build an inground pool?
- Increases property value by up to 10% in many markets
- Enhances personal quality of life with year-round entertainment
- A great investment for homeowners seeking long-term lifestyle upgrades
According to Remodeling Magazine’s latest Cost vs. Value report, a swimming pool can help homeowners recoup anywhere between 60-80% of the initial investment upon resale, proving that aesthetics and functionality go hand in hand.
Step 1: Design and Planning a Custom Inground Pool
Proper planning is the foundation of any successful pool build. This phase involves decisions that influence the construction schedule, budget, and compliance with local regulations.
Consultation with Professionals
Working with a certified pool builder or landscape architect is highly recommended. These experts can help you assess your property layout, soil conditions, sun exposure, and access points to determine the best placement and shape for your pool. Most builders offer 3D rendering tools so you can visualize the finished design before breaking ground.
Decide on Pool Type and Size
There are three primary types of inground pools to choose from:
- Concrete (Gunite or Shotcrete): Most durable and customizable
- Fiberglass: Pre-molded shells with easy installation and short timelines
- Vinyl Liner: More affordable but less durable and requires regular maintenance
When choosing the size and shape of your pool, base your decision on available backyard space, family size, and intended usage (swimming laps, lounging, kids’ play area).
Compliance with Local Laws and Zoning Requirements
Before construction begins, you must:
- Research local building codes and zoning ordinances
- Apply for permits from your municipality
- Ensure safety measures like fencing, pool covers, and gates are included for compliance
Depending on your location, setback restrictions from property lines or structures may dictate how large or where the pool can be installed.
Create a Budget Plan and Timeline
Building a custom inground pool is a significant investment. On average, costs range from $40,000 to $150,000, depending on size, materials, and additional features. Include contingencies—unexpected changes in ground conditions, material prices, or labor shortages can easily increase the final price by 10-15%.
Create a construction timeline with key milestones:
- Design and permit approval
- Site preparation and excavation
- Cage installation
- Steel, rebar, and plumbing setup
- Spray application of Gunite
- Plumbing and electrical work
- Tile, coping, and decking
- Interior finish and filling
- Equipment installation and bonding
- Final inspection and cleaning
This structured plan ensures every step gets the attention it deserves and helps avoid costly construction halts or delays.
Step 2: Preparing the Site – Excavation and Initial Setup
With design finalized and permits secured, the on-site transformation begins.
Site Analysis and Grading
An experienced pool contractor typically conducts a survey to identify slope, drainage patterns, and subsurface features—like septic tanks or irrigation lines—that could interfere with construction. Grading ensures the proper water runoff, and minor landscaping may be moved or adjusted.
Digging the Pool Shape
Excavation is usually handled by heavy machinery to carve the pool’s exact footprint. Soil is removed in layers, often requiring trucks to haul away excess material. The surrounding area must also be protected to prevent erosion or damage to existing structures.
Incorporate Structural Drainage Solutions
Every pool construction site involves proper drainage to prevent hydrostatic pressure from undermining the pool’s integrity. In regions with high water tables, contractors install a perimeter drain or sump pump system around the pool base to manage groundwater.
Step 3: Building the Framework – Steel, Rebar, and the Pool Shell
Once excavation is complete, the reinforcement phase begins. This stage ensures the pool’s longevity and resistance to shifting ground or water pressure.
Installing the Steel “Cage”
Reinforcing the pool’s structure involves setting up a steel framework (often using rebar) in the excavated hole. The rebar grid is tied tightly to prevent shifting during the spraying of concrete and is angled to conform to the selected pool design—curves, steps, and even benches. An inspector typically visits to approve this before proceeding.
Placement of Plumbing and Electrical Lines
Before the Gunite or Shotcrete application, all plumbing lines—skimmers, returns, drains, lights—must be positioned and secured in the shell. Most pool plumbing utilizes durable PVC piping. Electrical components like light niches and automatic pool cleaner lines are also embedded at this stage.
This requires coordination with licensed plumbers and electricians to ensure smooth operation and code compliance once the pool is operational.
Step 4: Applying the Concrete Structure – Gunite or Shotcrete
This phase transforms the steel skeleton into a solid, watertight structure.
Understanding Gunite vs. Shotcrete
- Gunite is a dry-mix concrete applied with compressed air and hydrated at the nozzle, commonly used where precise application is necessary.
- Shotcrete is a wet-mix, high-pressure alternative that delivers faster application and is sometimes preferred for large custom spaces.
Both are strong and long-lasting but suited for varying site conditions. Choosing between the two usually depends on the pool’s shape, contractor expertise, and regional availability.
Applying the Concrete
Skilled technicians apply the chosen concrete mixture with robotic controls and handheld tools to ensure even distribution and shaping. The thickness of the application is crucial—typically between 4 to 6 inches—depending on structural stress areas. This is especially important for pool bottoms, sloped walls, and corners.
The Gunite or Shotcrete then needs time to cure (usually 7–14 days) before finishing steps begin.
Step 5: Tile, Coping, and Waterproofing
With the shell complete, several finishing touches are applied to the structure that enhance durability and appearance.
Pooling Tile Installation
Pool tile can be ceramic, glass, natural stone, or porcelain. It is set around the waterline and inside certain alcoves to protect against waterline stains and splashover. Tile choice should match the exterior pool decking for aesthetics and longevity.
Coping Around the Pool
Coping refers to the edge of the pool that extends over the waterline tile. It serves both functional and decorative purposes, protecting the wall from water erosion while also determining where you step out of the pool. Common choices include:
| Material | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|
| Natural Stone | Elegant, durable, cool to touch | More expensive, needs sealing |
| Concrete | Affordable, customizable | May crack if not properly maintained |
| Pavers | Slip-resistant, easy to replace | Can shift over time |
Coping should be wide enough to accommodate comfortable foot traffic and meet safety requirements.
Waterproofing and Bonding
Applying a layer of waterproofing (such as a cement-based coating or polymer membrane) is a critical step before plastering. Additionally, an electrical bonding grid is required—connecting all metal pool components together via copper wires—to prevent electrical hazards and comply with safety standards.
Step 6: Interior Finish – Plaster, Pebbletec, and Aggregate Surfaces
The interior finish of the pool—not only visually impactful but also functional—must align with usage preferences and maintenance expectations.
Choosing the Right Interior Surface
There are three primary surface finish options:
- Traditional Plaster (white or colored): Cost-effective, easy to repair, but prone to staining and requires reapplication every 7-10 years.
- Pebbletec or Aggregate Finishes: Natural stone textures that offer high durability, stain resistance, and slip-resistant surfaces. Expensive but long-lasting, ideal for luxury pools.
- Quartz Finishes: A midpoint between plaster and pebbletec, offering enhanced durability and visual appeal with moderate price tags
Each finish must be allowed to cure properly—typically two weeks—before full water exposure.
Step 7: Decking and Surrounding Areas
The pool’s surrounding area is just as important as the pool itself. It enhances accessibility, defines the aesthetic, and ensures safety.
Selecting the Deck Material
Popular decking options include:
- Pavers: Beautiful, sturdy, and can be easily repaired
- Concrete Stamped Decking: Offers a variety of textures and colors mimicking stone or wood
- Natural Stone (Travertine, Limestone, etc.): Provides a high-end look but can get hot
- Wood and Composite Decking: Warmer underfoot than stone but requires frequent maintenance
Each material choice affects the pool’s overall usability and maintenance needs. For instance, textured surfaces lower slip risk around wading areas. Pool codes generally require at least a 10-foot non-slip surface around all usable sides of the pool for maximum safety.
Install Handrails, Grading, and Drainage Grates
Safety features like handrails can be added around steps or in deep zones. Proper ground slope prevents water from collecting around the pool’s edge, and drainage grates help safely redirect runoff.
Step 8: Installing Pool Equipment – Pump, Filter, and Heater
After the physical structure is complete, functional pool components—such as pumps, filters, and heaters—are installed and tested.
Pump and Filtration System
Most pools use one of three filtration types:
| Filter Type | Features |
|---|---|
| Sand Filtration | Durable and easy to maintain, but larger footprint |
| Cartridge Filtration | Compact, energy-efficient, but requires frequent filter replacement |
| DE (Diatomaceous Earth) | Finest water filtration, more complex cleaning process |
Your contractor will help you select the best setup based on pool size and usage.
Heater or Heat Pump
Pool heaters—gas, solar, or electric heat pumps—extend swim season into fall or winter. Solar heaters are eco-friendly but depend on regional sunlight exposure, while gas heaters provide instant, powerful heating.
Automation and Smart Controls
Modern pools often integrate smart pool systems that allow for app-based control of:
- Lighting
- Water temperature
- pH monitoring
- Filtration cycles
These systems make water maintenance easier, reduce chemical waste, and add convenience.
Step 9: Final Inspection, Cleaning, and Filling the Pool
Before your pool is ready for enjoyment, several final steps ensure safety and functionality.
Conducting the Final Inspection
A licensed inspector checks for:
- Structural integrity and waterproofing
- Proper electrical and grounding systems
- Compliance with local building codes
Any identified issues must be resolved before officially certifying the pool as ready.
Filling and Balancing Water Chemistry
Once approved, the pool is filled (typically using a water delivery truck to avoid stressing home plumbing). Initial chemical balance is crucial. Chlorine, pH, alkalinity, and calcium hardness levels must be adjusted to protect both equipment and users.
Step 10: Enjoyment and Maintenance: The Final Phase
Your inground pool is now ready for use, but consistent maintenance extends its lifespan and guarantees safe, clean swimming year after year.
Basic Maintenance Tips
- Test water chemistry weekly
- Skim and vacuum the pool regularly
- Clean or replace filters per manufacturer’s recommendations
- Inspect and service equipment seasonally
Seasonal Considerations
Pools in colder climates require winterization—a process involving:
- Lowering water levels
- Draining plumbing pipes
- Adding winter cover
In summer, pool covers, shading, and cooling features can prevent excessive evaporation and overheating.
Conclusion: Building the Pool of Your Dreams
Building an inground pool is a multifaceted endeavor requiring careful planning, professional expertise, and attention to detail. Each phase—from conceptualizing the design to the final chemical balance—plays a role in ensuring your pool remains a source of beauty, enjoyment, and added value for years to come.
By understanding the process and investing in quality materials, professionals, and smart maintenance strategies, homeowners can create a backyard escape that transforms how they live. Whether you choose modern minimalism or classic elegance, an inground pool adds both visual impact and lifestyle enhancement—making the effort and time well worth it.
In the end, building an inground pool is not just about water and concrete—it’s about crafting a new center for joy, relaxation, and the moments that make life worth savoring.
What are the first steps in planning an inground pool?
The first steps in planning an inground pool involve careful research and preparation. Begin by assessing your backyard space and determining the ideal location for the pool, taking into account factors like sunlight exposure, proximity to your home, and existing landscaping. It’s also important to understand local zoning laws and obtain necessary permits before starting any construction. Consulting with a professional pool builder or contractor can help ensure that your plans align with local regulations and best practices.
Next, establish a realistic budget that includes not only construction costs but also landscaping, decking, fencing, and ongoing maintenance. Decide on the type of pool you want—whether concrete, fiberglass, or vinyl—and outline any desired features such as waterfalls, lighting, or a spa. Working with a designer to create a detailed plan will help you visualize the finished product and ensure that every detail aligns with your needs and preferences before you begin digging.
How long does it take to build an inground pool?
The timeline for building an inground pool can vary depending on the complexity of the design, the type of pool selected, and weather conditions. On average, the process takes anywhere from 8 to 12 weeks, but this can increase for custom features or significant landscaping. Permits and design approvals can add a few weeks at the beginning of the process, while unexpected weather delays may extend the timeline further.
Each stage—from excavation and structural installation to plumbing, decking, and finishing touches—requires careful coordination and time to ensure quality results. Concrete pools typically take longer because the shell must cure properly, while fiberglass pools can be installed more quickly. Patience during construction is key to ensuring a safe, durable pool that will provide years of enjoyment.
What materials are used in building an inground pool?
Building an inground pool requires a combination of durable materials tailored to the type of pool being installed. For concrete pools, the structure is formed using rebar and then sprayed with gunite or shotcrete, which is later finished with plaster, tile, and coping. Fiberglass pools are constructed off-site and delivered as a single molded structure, requiring a reinforced foundation and surrounding support. Vinyl pools use a steel or polymer wall system with a custom-fit vinyl liner to create the water barrier.
In addition to the main structure, materials like PVC piping, pool-specific plumbing fixtures, filtration systems, and decking materials all play essential roles in the final construction. High-quality materials are essential to ensure longevity, safety, and resistance to water pressure and weather conditions. Selecting the right materials based on your climate, usage, and aesthetic preferences will greatly influence the pool’s performance and maintenance needs over time.
How do I choose the right contractor for my inground pool project?
Choosing the right contractor is crucial to the success of your inground pool project. Start by asking for recommendations from friends, family, or neighbors who have had pools installed. Check online reviews and visit contractors’ websites to evaluate their experience, portfolio, and client testimonials. Verify licensing, insurance, and bonding to protect yourself against potential risks during construction.
A reputable contractor should offer a detailed contract outlining project scope, timeline, payment schedule, and warranty terms. Request multiple bids but avoid choosing solely based on the lowest price; look for transparency, attention to detail, and clear communication. A good contractor will guide you through every phase—design, permits, excavation, construction, and finishing touches—to ensure your pool is built to your satisfaction and according to industry standards.
What are the essential safety considerations when building an inground pool?
Safety should be a top priority when building an inground pool. First and foremost, ensure that your pool complies with local building codes and safety regulations, including requirements for fencing, gates, and pool covers. Installing a secure fence around the pool area (typically at least 4 feet high with a self-closing, self-latching gate) is one of the most effective ways to prevent accidental drowning, especially in homes with children or pets.
Additional safety features such as pool alarms, non-slip decking, proper lighting, and depth markers also contribute to a safer swimming environment. Electrical components should be installed by licensed professionals to prevent shocks or malfunctions. Planning for first aid supplies and CPR training for household members can further enhance safety and readiness around your new pool.
How much does it cost to build an inground pool?
The cost of building an inground pool varies widely based on pool type, size, materials, features, and location. On average, a basic inground pool can range from $35,000 to $65,000, but luxury options with custom designs, water features, and premium decking can exceed $100,000. Fiberglass pools typically fall in the middle price range, offering faster installation and lower long-term maintenance, while concrete pools often come with higher initial costs and more customization options.
Other factors that affect the overall cost include excavation, soil stability, local labor rates, and the complexity of the surrounding landscaping. Additional expenses may arise for fencing, lighting, automatic covers, and outdoor kitchens if included in the design. Homeowners should also consider long-term maintenance and operational costs when budgeting for their new backyard oasis.
What maintenance is required for an inground pool after construction?
After construction, regular maintenance is essential to keep your inground pool clean, safe, and functioning properly. This includes testing and balancing the water chemistry weekly to prevent algae growth and equipment damage, as well as regularly cleaning the pool surface, skimming debris, and emptying the skimmer baskets. Proper filtration and running the pump for an adequate number of hours each day are also key to maintaining healthy water.
Seasonal maintenance tasks such as winterizing the pool in colder climates, inspecting equipment like pumps and filters, and checking for cracks or leaks should also be performed. Hiring a professional for annual inspections and major repairs can help ensure that your pool remains in top condition for years to come. A good maintenance routine will prolong the life of your pool and enhance the enjoyment for you and your family.